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12 Days of Christmas 2024 - 2025 Competition with $40,000 of PrizesOn a farm with a total of 72 animals, some are goats, and the rest are cows. If there is at least one goat and at least one cow, what is the positive difference between the number of vaccinated goats and vaccinated cows?
(1) One-fourth of the goats and one-ninth of the cows are vaccinated.
(2) The ratio of vaccinated goats to vaccinated cows is 9 to 4.
GMAT Club's Official Explanation:
On a farm with a total of 72 animals, some are goats, and the rest are cows. If there is at least one goat and at least one cow, what is the positive difference between the number of vaccinated goats and vaccinated cows?(1) One-fourth of the goats and one-ninth of the cows are vaccinated.
Assuming there are g goats and 72 - g cows, the positive difference between the number of vaccinated goats and vaccinated cows would be |g/4 - (72 - g)/9| = |13g/36 - 8|. Since the difference must be an integer, 13g/36 must be an integer, meaning that g, the number of goats, must be a multiple of 36. Given that 0 < g < 72, the only possible value of g is 36, making the difference equal to |13g/36 - 8| = 5. Sufficient.
Alternatively, assuming the number of vaccinated goats is m and the number of vaccinated cows is n, we’d get 4m + 9n = 72. From this, we can deduce that m must be a multiple of 9 (for 4m + (a multiple of 9) to equal a multiple of 9). The only non-negative value of m that works is m = 9, giving n = 4, and the difference of m - n = 9 - 4 = 5. Sufficient.
(2) The ratio of vaccinated goats to vaccinated cows is 9 to 4.
If the number of vaccinated goats and cows are 9 and 4, respectively, the difference would be 5. However, if those numbers are 18 and 8, the difference would be 10. We already have two different answers; hence, this statement is not sufficient.
Answer: A