I wouldn't take this question too seriously. It's trying to test the idea that we use "such as" when we are providing an example, while we use "like" to compare things. ("I collect stringed instruments, such as the lute and the kora." vs. "The kora, like the lute, is a stringed instrument.") However, here there's not enough of a problem with "like" to make that wrong, especially when that is literally the only difference between A and C. In fact, one could argue that "like" actually makes more sense. Sure, Norway's agreement may be an example of an association agreement, but surely other countries will not have this exact agreement. They will have their own. In any case, there's nothing wrong with saying that countries might use an agreement like Norway's.
I'm seeing some people above saying that C fails because "like" is followed by a clause. That's not correct. "Like" and "such as" are both followed by "the one," and then "Norway has" modifies that noun by telling us which "one" we are looking at. It might be clearer and less colloquial to say "the one THAT Norway has," but the meaning is the same either way, and in any case, this isn't a difference between A and C. We can't follow "such as" with a clause, either, so if this really were a clause (which it certainly isn't), we'd be left without any answer.
All in all, I'd just steer clear of this one. In general, watch out for third-party questions that rely on one supposed rule to distinguish the right answer from an otherwise identical choice.