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bschool83
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Here the conclusion is that scholarships --> higher GPA. We need to assume that this must be true, hence there is either no other cause of higher GPA or reverse causal is not true. Answer choice D best supports the conclusion by saying high GPA is not a requirement to be awarded GPAs.
Hence D
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D it is. It is true outside the problem as well!!
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D .
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Really great explanations above, so I just wanted to add the following:

In any CR argument, as soon as you recognize the conclusion is a causal claim supported only by an observation about correlation, your antennae should be out for that reversal/alternate causation model. Recognizing that pattern will allow you to pick up what's going on really quickly (often it's as easy as seeing "researchers observed," or "scientists have noticed," etc at the beginning of a sentence). As the level of difficulty increases, these patterns may be less obvious, or combined with other patterns, but recognizing the patterns in the huge chunk of questions they *do* apply to will be a huge leg up, and help you rapidly work through your POE on the answers.

In class, when students ask why we spend time going over the basic "assumption types," that's the answer I give-- that while taking time to categorize them now may take a little time, the ultimate goal is to automatically recognize the assumptions in a huge chunk of questions because all that practice has made the process reflexive.
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bschool83
A recent university study indicates that students who receive full scholarships tend to maintain higher grade point averages than do students who must take out loans or work to finance school. The survey concluded that scholarships enable students to achieve high grade point averages by alleviating the stress related to financial concerns and freeing up students' time to study more.

The study's conclusion depends on which of the following assumptions?

Students who take out loans maintain higher grade point averages than those who work to finance school.
Finance – related stress affects student performance in a manner similar to that of restricted study time.
Students who must work to pay for their studies cannot maintain high grade point averages.
High grade point averages were not the primary criterion upon which the scholarship awards were based.
Controlling stress levels is less important to student performance than is intensive studying.

The correlation implied by the question is 'the lower the financial stress, the higher the grade point average.'

As always in verbal, we proceed by process of elimination:
(A) This is totally out of scope - it doesn't address the conclusion of the argument which concerns the higher GPA's of scholarship students
(B) This is also out of scope - this answer like A is concerned primarily with differences between those who work and those who take out loans
(C) This answer addresses the conclusion and not the premise, so it is unlikely to be the assumption hidden in the premises
(D) This seems the best so far at first glance. A closer look reveals that it is probably the answer: If students received scholarships because of their high GPA's and failed to earn scholarships because of their low GPA's, continued performance at the same level could be an explanation of the discrepancy
(E) Again this is out of scope

Thus, the best answer is D.

+1
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There is a slight confusion regarding the source of this question as indicated. Isn't it a Kaplan question?
(ref: Kaplan GMAT Advanced, Chapter 4, pp. 29)
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classic reversal of the causal link here.

FSchol ---> gpa has been reversed in D (after negating).
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+1 D

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