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Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industri 31 Mar 2022, 07:42
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VIGHNESHKAMATH
Hello GMAT NINJA,

For my information, would it be correct if I ask the question ''Why'' to the verb of the clause to identify whether ''to+verb'' is acting as an adverb or not. If I am able to answer this question with the help of ''to+verb'' infinitive form , that means , it is used for indicating intention or purpose of an action. Could this litmus test be used ? I checked this with few questions and it worked, I am not sure if it is some std rule or not.

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Vighnesh
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This sounds like an attempt to distill SC reasoning down to a list of memorized rules (something like: "if a 'to+verb' answers the question 'why?', it must be acting as an adverb that modifies the verb..."). Such rules are tempting. One less thing to think about on test day, right?

The problem is that "rules" like this encourage you to do the opposite of what you actually need to do on SC, which is to use your brain and think really hard about meaning and context every single time.

So, forget about coming up with a rule, and instead just ask yourself, "What does this word or phrase logically modify? And does that actually make sense?" The GMAT won't ever ask you to label parts of speech, and neither will we. ;)

I hope that helps a bit!
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Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industri 09 Dec 2022, 06:32
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Idiom Tested.
Substance X results from reaction Between A and B to produce C
(sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide) - Is nested Parallelism

So E is correct.
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Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industri 23 Nov 2023, 12:29
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generis
Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids.

(A) with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

(B) with atmospheric water vapor producing highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acid

(C) and atmospheric water vapor which has produced highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

(D) and atmospheric water vapor which have produced sulfuric and nitric acids which are highly corrosive

(E) and atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
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MartyMurray KarishmaB GMATNinja

The meaning conveyed by (E) seems very wrong. I was stuck between (D) and (E), and (D) seemed to be the lesser of the two evils.

(E) seems to convey that "Acid rain and snow result from chemical reactions between X and Y to produce Z". It seems as though "Acid rain" and "snow" result from these chemical reactions with the intent to produce Z. How can that be possible? How can they have an intention?

I know this is an old question, but I need to know if I should be okay with such objects/phenomena having an intention.
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Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industri 23 Nov 2023, 23:12
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generis
Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids.

(A) with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

(B) with atmospheric water vapor producing highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acid

(C) and atmospheric water vapor which has produced highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

(D) and atmospheric water vapor which have produced sulfuric and nitric acids which are highly corrosive

(E) and atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

MartyMurray KarishmaB GMATNinja

The meaning conveyed by (E) seems very wrong. I was stuck between (D) and (E), and (D) seemed to be the lesser of the two evils.

(E) seems to convey that "Acid rain and snow result from chemical reactions between X and Y to produce Z". It seems as though "Acid rain" and "snow" result from these chemical reactions with the intent to produce Z. How can that be possible? How can they have an intention?

I know this is an old question, but I need to know if I should be okay with such objects/phenomena having an intention.
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This is common usage: 'Hydrogen and Oxygen combine to produce water' or 'Hydrogen reacts with Oxygen to produce water.'
There needn't be an actual intent. It just means 'it leads to this,' not 'with the intent to' here. You are reading too much into the use of 'to.' There are many many different contexts in which it is used.
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Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industri 24 Nov 2023, 06:55
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SlowTortoise
The meaning conveyed by (E) seems very wrong. I was stuck between (D) and (E), and (D) seemed to be the lesser of the two evils.

(E) seems to convey that "Acid rain and snow result from chemical reactions between X and Y to produce Z". It seems as though "Acid rain" and "snow" result from these chemical reactions with the intent to produce Z. How can that be possible? How can they have an intention?

I know this is an old question, but I need to know if I should be okay with such objects/phenomena having an intention.
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"To" doesn't always communicate that there is an intention. So, the (E) version doesn't actually communicate that acid rain and snow do something on purpose.

At the same time, the (E) version of the sentence is terrible. So, your analysis actually is pretty reasonable.

This question is an older question from before SC was improved. You can hope that you don't see such a bad question on your test, and you likely won't.
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