polpanumas wrote:
I have question about verb-ing and verb-ed modifier
How to determine which one should be use and what decision making factor we should think about:
Please correct me if I am wrong, I know that the following structure:
Using experiment conducted by an expert, student concluded that......
Used experiment conducted by an expert, student concluded that......
The correct one supposes to be Using experiment conducted by an expert, student concluded that......
The decision-making point is whether a student can use the experiment or not.
But in this question (this structure: Noun. + mod. (verb-ed/verb-ing)) we are discussing the timeline of the event. So, I am not quite sure what is the decision-making point
Also, please clarify this structure as well sentense, mod. (verb-ed/verb-ing)
Present participle modifier (verb+ing):
Can be used an adjective (without comma - refers to noun) or as an adverb (with comma - refers to verb).
I know the man
standing there. (adjective - refers to "man")
The prices decreased,
causing concern among the investors. (adverb - refers to "decreased")
Past participle modifier (verb + ed):
used an adjective, but cannot be used as an adverb.
Tired of the hard work, I went to sleep immediately. (adjective - refers to "I").
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Now to determine between the adjective present participle and the adjective past participle, see whether the usage is in passive voice or active voice - passive voice would take past participle and active would take present participle:
E.g.: The
used book is of no worth. ("used" passive - the book was used by someone else - the book did not use anything)
The
sleeping cat did not realise the threat. ( "sleeping" active - the cat was sleeping)
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