Last visit was: 19 Nov 2025, 05:05 It is currently 19 Nov 2025, 05:05
Close
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Close
Request Expert Reply
Confirm Cancel
655-705 Level|   Science|   Short Passage|                     
User avatar
robu1
Joined: 08 Jul 2017
Last visit: 19 Apr 2021
Posts: 91
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 214
GMAT 1: 620 Q48 V29
GMAT 1: 620 Q48 V29
Posts: 91
Kudos: 66
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
avatar
tejanaraharisetti
Joined: 12 Feb 2017
Last visit: 18 Apr 2024
Posts: 6
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 31
Posts: 6
Kudos: 6
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
CrackverbalGMAT
User avatar
Major Poster
Joined: 03 Oct 2013
Last visit: 19 Nov 2025
Posts: 4,844
Own Kudos:
8,945
 [2]
Given Kudos: 225
Affiliations: CrackVerbal
Location: India
Expert
Expert reply
Posts: 4,844
Kudos: 8,945
 [2]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
Cellchat
Joined: 16 Jan 2020
Last visit: 24 Nov 2020
Posts: 33
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 30
GMAT 1: 640 Q48 V28
GMAT 1: 640 Q48 V28
Posts: 33
Kudos: 62
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Question 1
Quote:
...modern sanitation was able to delay exposure to polio until adolescence or adulthood, at which time polio infection produced paralysis. Previously, infection had occurred during infancy, when it typically provided lifelong immunity without paralysis. Thus, the hygiene that helped prevent typhoid epidemics indirectly fostered a paralytic polio epidemic.
The hard part about Question 1 is that the relevant information is surrounded by irrelevant information. Lines 7-12 appear to be relevant. However, all you need to read is
Quote:
Thus, the hygiene that helped prevent typhoid epidemics...
Therefore, if no modern hygiene, TYPHOID EPIDEMICS OCCUR. - (C)
User avatar
adityaganjoo
Joined: 10 Jan 2021
Last visit: 04 Oct 2022
Posts: 148
Own Kudos:
32
 [1]
Given Kudos: 154
Posts: 148
Kudos: 32
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
vscid
The Official Guide for GMAT Verbal Review,2nd Edition, 2009

Practice Question
Question No.: RC 12 ~ 17
Page: 26
Although genetic mutations in bacteria and viruses can lead to epidemics, some epidemics are caused by bacteria and viruses that have undergone no significant genetic change. In analyzing the latter, scientists have discovered the importance of social and ecological factors to epidemics. Poliomyelitis, for example, emerged as an epidemic in the United States in the twentieth century; by then, modern sanitation was able to delay exposure to polio until adolescence or adulthood, at which time polio infection produced paralysis. Previously, infection had occurred during infancy, when it typically provided lifelong immunity without paralysis. Thus, the hygiene that helped prevent typhoid epidemics indirectly fostered a paralytic polio epidemic.
Another example is Lyme disease, which is caused by bacteria that are transmitted by deer ticks. It occurred only sporadically during the late nineteenth century but has recently become prevalent in parts of the United States, largely due to an increase in the deer population that occurred simultaneously with the growth of the suburbs and increased outdoor recreational activities in the deer's habitat. Similarly, an outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever became an epidemic in Asia in the 1950's because of ecological changes that caused Aedes aegypti, the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus, to proliferate. The stage is now set in the United States for a dengue epidemic because of the inadvertent introduction and wide dissemination of another mosquito, Aedes albopictus.

1. The passage suggests that a lack of modern sanitation would make which of the following most likely to occur?

A An outbreak of Lyme disease
B An outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever
C An epidemic of typhoid
D An epidemic of paralytic polio among infants
E An epidemic of paralytic polio among adolescents and adults


2. According to the passage, the outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the 1950's occurred for which of the following reasons?

A The mosquito Aedes aegypti was newly introduced into Asia.
B The mosquito Aedes aegypti became more numerous.
C The mosquito Aedes albopictus became infected with the dengue virus.
D Individuals who would normally acquire immunity to the dengue virus as infants were not infected until later in life.
E More people began to visit and inhabit areas in which mosquitos live and breed.


3. It can be inferred from the passage that Lyme disease has become prevalent in parts of the United States because of which of the following?

A The inadvertent introduction of Lyme disease bacteria to the United States
B The inability of modern sanitation methods to eradicate Lyme disease bacteria
C A genetic mutation in Lyme disease bacteria that makes them more virulent
D The spread of Lyme disease bacteria from infected humans to noninfected humans
E An increase in the number of humans who encounter deer ticks


4. Which of the following can most reasonably be concluded about the mosquito Aedes albopictus on the basis of information given in the passage?

A It is native to the United States.
B It can proliferate only in Asia.
C It transmits the dengue virus.
D It caused an epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the 1950's.
E It replaced Aedes aegypti in Asia when ecological changes altered Aedes aegypti's habitat.


5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

A A paradox is stated, discussed and left unresolved.
B Two opposing explanations are presented, argued, and reconciled.
C A theory is proposed and is then followed by descriptions of three experiments that support the theory.
D A generalization is stated and is then followed by three instances that support the generalization.
E An argument is described and is then followed by three counterexamples that refute the argument.


6. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the author's assertion about the cause of the Lyme disease outbreak in the United States?

A The deer population was smaller in the late nineteenth century than in the mid-twentieth century.
B Interest in outdoor recreation began to grow in the late nineteenth century.
C In recent years the suburbs have stopped growing.
D Outdoor recreation enthusiasts routinely take measures to protect themselves against Lyme disease.
E Scientists have not yet developed a vaccine that can prevent Lyme disease.


GMATNinja Although you have already explained what makes (A) right in Question 6, could you please explain what makes (B) wrong?
avatar
krittapat
avatar
Current Student
Joined: 23 Oct 2019
Last visit: 27 Jan 2023
Posts: 44
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 3,513
Location: Thailand
Posts: 44
Kudos: 3
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
GMATNinja egmat CrackVerbalGMAT VeritasKarishma
Why's choice B in question 6 incorrect?
I thought that choice A was wrong because it duplicates with the fact that is already stated in the passage.
User avatar
GMATNinja
User avatar
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
Joined: 13 Aug 2009
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 7,443
Own Kudos:
69,783
 [4]
Given Kudos: 2,060
Status: GMAT/GRE/LSAT tutors
Location: United States (CO)
GMAT 1: 780 Q51 V46
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Products:
Expert
Expert reply
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Posts: 7,443
Kudos: 69,783
 [4]
2
Kudos
Add Kudos
2
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post

Question 6


adityaganjoo
Although you have already explained what makes (A) right in Question 6, could you please explain what makes (B) wrong?
The author asserts that "social and ecological factors" can lead to epidemics, and his/her discussion of Lyme disease is an example of this assertion.

According to the author, Lyme disease was "sporadic" in the late nineteenth century and has "recently become prevalent." The ecological factor that led to this increase was "an increase in the deer population," and the social factors that led to this increase are "the growth of the suburbs and increased outdoor recreational activities in the deer's habitat."

To answer question 6, we have to strengthen the argument that these social and ecological factors led to the increase in Lyme disease.

Quote:
B Interest in outdoor recreation began to grow in the late nineteenth century.

Hmm. The author tells us that increased outdoors activity is one reason why people get Lyme disease NOW, when they didn't get it so often in the late nineteenth century. (B) seems to undermine this reasoning -- if people actually WERE increasingly interested in outdoor recreation in the nineteenth century, then perhaps the author is wrong about this factor playing a role in the recent prevalence of Lyme disease.

If anything, (B) actually weakens the author's argument that outdoor activity can explain the increase in Lyme disease.

(B) is out for question 6.

I hope that helps!
User avatar
TalonShade
Joined: 21 Apr 2021
Last visit: 29 Dec 2022
Posts: 31
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 26
Location: India
GRE 1: Q165 V163
GPA: 2.24
GRE 1: Q165 V163
Posts: 31
Kudos: 3
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Isnt the first line more of an argument rather than a generalisation? Can someone help please?
User avatar
TalonShade
Joined: 21 Apr 2021
Last visit: 29 Dec 2022
Posts: 31
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 26
Location: India
GRE 1: Q165 V163
GPA: 2.24
GRE 1: Q165 V163
Posts: 31
Kudos: 3
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
CrackverbalGMAT
tejanaraharisetti
5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

A A paradox is stated, discussed and left unresolved.
B Two opposing explanations are presented, argued, and reconciled.
C A theory is proposed and is then followed by descriptions of three experiments that support the theory.
D A generalization is stated and is then followed by three instances that support the generalization.
E An argument is described and is then followed by three counterexamples that refute the argument.

I can understand that D is a better option, but I cannot able to figure out why it is considered as a generalization. Can someone please explain it?

Hi Teja

The "generalization" referred to in option (D) is the following sentence:

In analyzing the latter, scientists have discovered the importance of social and ecological factors to epidemics.

This makes a sweeping statement that "social and ecological factors" are important to epidemics caused by virus and bacteria that have not undergone any significant change.

The three examples that follow - polio, Lyme disease and dengue - serve as strengtheners to support this generalization. All of them focus on the "social and ecological factors" that have caused these three diseases respectively to become epidemics. Hence, option (D) best explains the organization of the passage.

Hope this helps.

But isn't the first sentence sort of an argument being made?
avatar
aimmmmmm
Joined: 19 Feb 2022
Last visit: 26 Jan 2023
Posts: 1
Given Kudos: 412
Posts: 1
Kudos: 0
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
1. The passage suggests that a lack of modern sanitation would make which of the following most likely to occur?

D An epidemic of paralytic polio among infants
- "Previously, infection had occurred during infancy, when it typically provided lifelong immunity without paralysis."
--> no paralysis among infants


E An epidemic of paralytic polio among adolescents and adults
- "modern sanitation was able to delay exposure to polio until adolescence or adulthood, at which time polio infection produced paralysis." --> modern sanitation = delay polio until adulthood + produce paralysis. Thus, without modern sanitation = no paralytic polio among adolescents and adults.
User avatar
achloes
Joined: 16 Oct 2020
Last visit: 19 May 2025
Posts: 252
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 2,382
GMAT 1: 460 Q28 V26
GMAT 2: 550 Q39 V27
GMAT 3: 610 Q39 V35
GMAT 4: 650 Q42 V38
GMAT 5: 720 Q48 V41
GMAT 5: 720 Q48 V41
Posts: 252
Kudos: 215
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Quote:
6. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the author's assertion about the cause of the Lyme disease outbreak in the United States?

A The deer population was smaller in the late nineteenth century than in the mid-twentieth century.
B Interest in outdoor recreation began to grow in the late nineteenth century.
C In recent years the suburbs have stopped growing.
D Outdoor recreation enthusiasts routinely take measures to protect themselves against Lyme disease.
E Scientists have not yet developed a vaccine that can prevent Lyme disease.

How I ruled out B: interest in outdoor recreation does not imply increased outdoor recreational activities in the deer's habitat.
User avatar
Bobby333
Joined: 25 May 2023
Last visit: 25 May 2023
Posts: 1
Given Kudos: 1
Posts: 1
Kudos: 0
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
1. The passage suggests that a lack of modern sanitation would make which of the following most likely to occur? A An outbreak of Lyme disease B An outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever C An epidemic of typhoid D An epidemic of paralytic polio among infants E An epidemic of paralytic polio among adolescents and adults Why is the answer not D, in 20th century because of good hygiene polio which was paralytic only affected adults and not infants. So if good habits are not there then it might have affected infants to....right?
User avatar
GMATNinja
User avatar
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
Joined: 13 Aug 2009
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 7,443
Own Kudos:
69,783
 [1]
Given Kudos: 2,060
Status: GMAT/GRE/LSAT tutors
Location: United States (CO)
GMAT 1: 780 Q51 V46
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Products:
Expert
Expert reply
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Posts: 7,443
Kudos: 69,783
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Bobby333
1. The passage suggests that a lack of modern sanitation would make which of the following most likely to occur? A An outbreak of Lyme disease B An outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever C An epidemic of typhoid D An epidemic of paralytic polio among infants E An epidemic of paralytic polio among adolescents and adults Why is the answer not D, in 20th century because of good hygiene polio which was paralytic only affected adults and not infants. So if good habits are not there then it might have affected infants to....right?
The passage tells us that before modern sanitation, polio infection occurred during infancy, when it "provided lifelong immunity without paralysis." So basically, without modern sanitation, you might expect polio to infect infants, but not to cause paralysis.

Notice that (D) talks about an "epidemic of paralytic polio among infants." Since we wouldn't expect polio to cause paralysis in infants, (D) is incorrect.

I hope that helps!
User avatar
K-ja
Joined: 05 Jan 2024
Last visit: 17 Nov 2024
Posts: 12
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 79
Location: United States
GMAT Focus 1: 615 Q90 V80 DI72
GMAT Focus 1: 615 Q90 V80 DI72
Posts: 12
Kudos: 5
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
I answered no. 6 incorrectly. Option A states a fact that is already covered in the passage. How could I select that as a strengthener?
Quote:

mokura

mbaiseasy
1. The passage suggests that a lack of modern sanitation would make which of the following most likely to occur?

"Thus, the HYGIENE that helped PREVENT TYPHOID epidemics
indirectly fostered a paralytic polio epidemic
" - Remove HYGIENE then we get the reverse of PREVENTING TYPHOID


ANSWER: (C) An epidemic of typhoid

2. According to the passage, the outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the 1950's occurred for which of the following reasons?

"an outbreak of dengue hemor-
rhagic fever became an epidemic in Asia in the 1950's
because of ecological changes that caused Aedes aegypti,
(25) the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus, to proliferate
" - PROLIFERATE / INCREASE in NUMBER


ANSWER: (B) The mosquito Aedes aegypti became more numerous.


3. It can be inferred from the passage that Lyme disease has become prevalent in parts of the United States because of which of the following?

"increased outdoor recreational activities in the
deer's habitat" - MORE EXPOSURE TO DEER


ANSWER: (E) An increase in the number of humans who encounter deer ticks


4. Which of the following can most reasonably be concluded about the mosquito Aedes albopictus on the basis of information given in the passage?

"The stage is now set in the United States for a
dengue epidemic because of the inadvertent introduction
and wide dissemination of another mosquito, Aedes
albopictus
" - newly introduced... hence, not native to the US...


A It is native to the United States. They are newly introduced. Hence, out!
B It can proliferate only in Asia. They can cause epidemics in US. Hence, out!
ANSWER: (C) It transmits the dengue virus.
D It caused an epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the 1950's. This is another breed of mosquito
E It replaced Aedes aegypti in Asia when ecological changes altered Aedes aegypti's habitat. not mentioned

5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

A A paradox is stated, discussed and left unresolved. Contrasting views mentioned initially but the discussion did not revolve around that...
B Two opposing explanations are presented, argued, and reconciled.Two views introduced but the discussion did not revolve around that

C A theory is proposed and is then followed by descriptions of three experiments that support the theory. no such experiments mentioned

ANSWER: (D) A generalization is stated and is then followed by three instances that support the generalization.

E An argument is described and is then followed by three counterexamples that refute the argument. the examples are not use as counterexamples but just examples of epidemics without genetic evolution

6. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the author's assertion about the cause of the Lyme disease outbreak in the United States?

ANSWER: (A) The deer population was smaller in the late nineteenth century than in the mid-twentieth century.
If the deer population was just same as population to day, then the increase in population will be an invalid explanation for the Lyme disease. This eliminate that possibility.


i'm confused about question number 6 - the passage already states that the deer population was smaller in the past. choice a is merely re-stating this fact. strengthening should bring something out of scope into the picture. would love if anyone can explain here. thanks!
Hi

I have the same question. It seems that A is merely a paraphrase, and I would expect something slightly out of scope to lend more support for the argument.

Thanks

GMATNinja
­
User avatar
GMATNinja
User avatar
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
Joined: 13 Aug 2009
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 7,443
Own Kudos:
69,783
 [1]
Given Kudos: 2,060
Status: GMAT/GRE/LSAT tutors
Location: United States (CO)
GMAT 1: 780 Q51 V46
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Products:
Expert
Expert reply
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Posts: 7,443
Kudos: 69,783
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
K-ja
I answered no. 6 incorrectly. Option A states a fact that is already covered in the passage. How could I select that as a strengthener?

Did you see ­this post? Check it out and let us know if you have any further questions!­
User avatar
Carolweszxdrcftvb
Joined: 15 Feb 2024
Last visit: 20 Jul 2025
Posts: 21
Given Kudos: 1,618
Posts: 21
Kudos: 0
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
6 Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the author's assertion about the cause of the Lyme disease outbreak in the United States?

why can't to be B­
User avatar
GMATNinja
User avatar
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
Joined: 13 Aug 2009
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 7,443
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 2,060
Status: GMAT/GRE/LSAT tutors
Location: United States (CO)
GMAT 1: 780 Q51 V46
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Products:
Expert
Expert reply
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Posts: 7,443
Kudos: 69,783
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Carolweszxdrcftvb
6 Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the author's assertion about the cause of the Lyme disease outbreak in the United States?

why can't to be B­
­We attempted to explain choice (B) in an earlier post: https://gmatclub.com/forum/although-genetic-mutations-in-bacteria-and-viruses-can-lead-to-epidemi-59802-20.html#p2808120. Check it out, and let us know if you still have questions.­
User avatar
Prassan
Joined: 20 Mar 2024
Last visit: 21 Sep 2024
Posts: 2
Given Kudos: 20
Posts: 2
Kudos: 0
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
what is level of this set ?
User avatar
yazadsarkari
Joined: 28 Sep 2023
Last visit: 19 Mar 2025
Posts: 30
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 17
GMAT 1: 590 Q60 V60
GMAT 1: 590 Q60 V60
Posts: 30
Kudos: 7
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
What’s the official answer for the Last question
User avatar
sachi-in
Joined: 12 Oct 2023
Last visit: 18 Oct 2025
Posts: 123
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 146
Posts: 123
Kudos: 284
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
­6. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the author's assertion about the cause of the Lyme disease outbreak in the United States?

I think this follows a very simple reasoning.

A The deer population was smaller in the late nineteenth century than in the mid-twentieth century.
If it ( Deer population ) increased in 20th CE it supports the reason mentioned in passage

B Interest in outdoor recreation began to grow in the late nineteenth century.
If it ( outdoor recreation ) increased in 19th CE it doesn't support why the increase was seen only in 20CE ( that means there is definitely another contributing factor that started in 20th century ) that is even if we assume increased interest is proportional to increased activity
Additionaly an added interest doesn't necessacrily mean increase in outdoor activity
generally a wrong ans has multiple flaws if observed minutely

Thus A is a stronger argument !­
   1   2   3   
Moderators:
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
7443 posts
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
231 posts
GRE Forum Moderator
17289 posts
188 posts