Bunuel
Plant oils
do not represent a new attempt to replace fossil fuels; it was already made by Rudolf Diesel in 1912.
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(A) do not represent a new attempt to replace fossil fuels; it
"It" refers to attempt, and meaning is also just fine.
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(B) are not a new attempt to replace fossil fuels; the same one
Can plant oils themselves be a new attempt ever? Not possible.
Meaning issue. Usage of "the same one" is wordy.
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(C) represent not a new attempt to replace fossil fuels, but one that
There is no requirement of contradiction. Instead of "but", "because" can be used here.
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(D) are not a new attempt to replace fossil fuels, but one that
There is no requirement of contradiction. Instead of "but", "because" can be used here. Also, it has similar meaning issue as present in E.
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(E) are not new as an attempt to replace fossil fuels; it
So Plant oils can sometimes be an attempt ?
Meaning issue.IMO OA should be A.