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[url=https://gmatclub.com/verbal]Update:Just added the free concept on Like (first of 4 concepts) on e-GMAT. Just register at e-GMAT and get cracking. The concept contains 10 questions + 5-6 additional examples.
Two seemingly simple words – like and as – often create havoc in the minds of test takers when they both appear in the answer choices in a sentence correction question. People wonder about the following two points:
1. For stating comparison should I use “as” or “like”?
2. When is “as + noun” correct and when is “as + clause” correct?
Lets consider for example the following GMATPrep question.
As with those of humans, the DNA of grape plants contains sites where certain unique sequences of nucleotides are repeated over and over.
A. As with those of humans, the DNA of grape plants contains sites where
B. As human DNA, the DNA of grape plants contain sites in which
C. As it is with human DNA, the DNA of grape plants, containing sites in which
D. Like human, the DNA of grape plants contain sites where
E. Like human DNA, the DNA of grape plants contains sites in which
The two main things to keep in mind to solve such questions are as follows:
• Understand what meaning like and as communicate
• Understand the intended meaning of the sentence so that you can wisely choose the appropriate word.
In this article we will first discuss why there is a confusion with regards to usage of like and as. Then we will apply our knowledge in a structured step by step manner to solve the above GMATprep question.
LIKE AND AS - THE POINT OF CONFUSION
‘As’ plays multiple roles and thereby is used in different grammatical constructions, one of which coincides with how like is used.
Both ‘like’ and ‘as’ are used for stating a comparison. So often people are confused whether they should use ‘like’ or ‘as’ to state the comparison. Furthermore, ‘as’ is also used to present function. And this brings us to another point of confusion. How to use 'as' correctly when presenting a comparison and when presenting a function. The table below provides the answers. Note the similarity in usage between the shaded portions.
Because ‘as’ and ‘like’ are followed by nouns but they do so while presenting two different meanings, there is often a confusion regarding the intended meaning communicated by the sentence and the grammatical correctness of the sentence.
Now lets see this in detail.
LIKE AND AS -STATE COMPARISON
Both ‘like’ and ‘as’ are used to state comparisons. For example:
• Amy takes care of the children in the day care like a mother.
• Amy takes care of the children in the day care as a mother does.
Both sentences are correct. Both the sentences above convey the meaning that Amy takes care of the children “in the same way” as a mother takes care of her children.
But notice the usage here – ‘like’ is followed by a noun and ‘as’ is followed by a clause. This grammatical construction should be kept in mind.
AS - CAN ALSO PRESENT FUNCTION
Apart from stating comparison, “as” can also be used to state “role” or “function”. For example:
John has joined the organization as a researcher.
In this sentence, ‘as’ does not show a comparison. This sentence implies that John is indeed a researcher in the new organization. Notice that per this sentence John has not been compared to a researcher. John is indeed a researcher. So his role has been presented. And hence ‘as’ is used to present role or function of a person.
Notice the grammatical construction – ‘as’ has been followed by a noun. This should always be kept in mind.
LIKE AND AS – CONFUSION RESOLUTION
Now that we understand the source of confusion between like and as, lets see how we can resolve this confusion. The most sure shot way of resolving this confusion is to understand from the context of the sentence whether a comparison needs to be presented or function needs to be presented. Once you determine this, then you may use like and as appropriately to state the intended meaning.
Lets take John’s example again:
John has joined the organization as a researcher.
Here is my thought process:
Step 1. I see the word “as”.
Step 2. I ask the question – “does the sentence intend to draw a comparison or state a role”?
Step 3. I answer the question from the context –
i. John has joined the organization.
ii. Lets first find out if comparison makes sense here.
• Saying that John has joined organization as a researcher does – is non-sensical. It is not a common characteristic of a researcher to join organization. So stating comparison is not logical here.
iii. Lets now find if role has been presented here.
• Saying that John will play a role of a researcher in this new organization makes perfect sense. So here as has been used to present role.
Step 4. I check if grammatically “as” has been used appropriately.
i. Yes, since “as” is used to present function, it should be followed by a noun. In this sentence “a researcher” is a noun. So correct.
Lets take another example:
John has joined Biotech industry as his brother.
Here is my thought process:
Step 1. I see the word “as”.
Step 2. I ask the question – “does the sentence intend to draw a comparison or state a role”?
Step 3. I answer the question from the context –
i. John has joined the organization.
ii. Lets first find out if comparison makes sense here.
• Saying that John has joined biotech industry as his brother did makes sense. His brother joined biotech industry and so did John. So stating comparison is logical here.
iii. Lets now make sure that stating a “role” is clearly non-sensical
• Saying that John will play a role of his own brother in biotech industry is non-sensical. What does being a brother in an industry mean? Nothing. Yes being a researcher in an industry means something but not being a brother. So notice how context drives the logical and illogical meaning.
Step 4. I check if grammatically “as” has been used appropriately.
i. No, since “as” is used to present comparison, it should be followed by a clause. In this sentence “his brother” is a noun and hence this sentence is not correct. It should be corrected in one of the following ways:
• John has joined Biotech industry as his brother did.
• John has joined Biotech industry like his brother.
STRUCTURED APPROACH TO SOLVING GMAT SC QUESTIONS
With this understanding, now we can solve the GMATPrep question. Here we will integrate our knowledge of as and like with e-GMAT 3-step process.
1. Understand the meaning of the original sentence.
2. Determine the errors in the original sentence.
3. Apply process of elimination to find the correct answer.
Our knowledge of “like” vs “as” will be applicable in step 1 – we will determine the intended role of the word in the context of the sentence. Then our knowledge of grammatical construction of like and as will be applicable in step 2 – we will make sure that the word has been used appropriately.
Free Course
Can you apply the process above to solve the GMATPrep question above. Few of you who articulate the solution well will get OG Verbal SC solutions - our Video course for SC solutions in OG Verbal Second solution - a $39 value free of charge. Get cranking as we will declare the results by June 7.
Need more detail and practice - Try the e-GMAT course
We recently launched the in depth series in the e-GMAT course where we cover some fundamental concepts in more detail and clarity. The in-depth series is designed especially to help non natives excel on GMAT Verbal. As a part of As Vs. Like coverage in this series, we have we have developed 4 files. We will be releasing these files as a part of the free trial at different intervals over the next week. Register at e-GMAT.com to view these concepts.
1. Like Concept File – This file explains how like should be used correctly in a sentence. In all there 15 example sentences and 10 questions in the quizzes in this concept file.
2. As Concept File – This file explains the various functions of as. In all there are 6 examples and 8 questions in the quiz.
3. Like vs As Concept File – In this file we first explain the source of confusion between as and like. Then we discuss how this confusion should be resolved and how this process can be used when solving SC questions. We present the confusion and its resolution using 6 different examples. We also solve 3 official SC questions using the suggested approach.
4. Like Vs. As Application File – Like a typical SC application file, you will first attempt 8 SC questions and then you will be able to view detailed solutions.
Regards,
Payal Tandon
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05 Jun 2012, 13:27
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As with those of humans, the DNA of grape plants contains sites where certain unique sequences of nucleotides are repeated over and over.
A. As with those of humans, the DNA of grape plants contains sites where
B. As human DNA, the DNA of grape plants contain sites in which
C. As it is with human DNA, the DNA of grape plants, containing sites in which
D. Like human, the DNA of grape plants contain sites where
E. Like human DNA, the DNA of grape plants contains sites in which
My thought process behind answer E:
The sentence is trying to convey how the DNA of grape plants behave similarly to human DNA (a comparison).
"As" needs to be followed by a clause and there is no verb in "As with those of humans"
"As" must be followed by a clause so B can be thrown out.
C can be thrown out because "it" is ambiguous.
"Like" must be followed by a noun. D can be thrown out because human is being compared to DNA which is incorrect.
E is correct. "Like" is followed by the noun "human DNA" demonstrating proper usage.
A. As with those of humans, the DNA of grape plants contains sites where
B. As human DNA, the DNA of grape plants contain sites in which
C. As it is with human DNA, the DNA of grape plants, containing sites in which
D. Like human, the DNA of grape plants contain sites where
E. Like human DNA, the DNA of grape plants contains sites in which
My thought process behind answer E:
The sentence is trying to convey how the DNA of grape plants behave similarly to human DNA (a comparison).
"As" needs to be followed by a clause and there is no verb in "As with those of humans"
"As" must be followed by a clause so B can be thrown out.
C can be thrown out because "it" is ambiguous.
"Like" must be followed by a noun. D can be thrown out because human is being compared to DNA which is incorrect.
E is correct. "Like" is followed by the noun "human DNA" demonstrating proper usage.
05 Jun 2012, 17:25
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Nice article! Thanks. Here's my take, your comments are greatly appreciated.
As with those of humans, the DNA of grape plants contains sites where certain unique sequences of nucleotides are repeated over and over.
A. As with those of humans, the DNA of grape plants contains sites where
B. As human DNA, the DNA of grape plants contain sites in which
C. As it is with human DNA, the DNA of grape plants, containing sites in which
D. Like human, the DNA of grape plants contain sites where
E. Like human DNA, the DNA of grape plants contains sites in which
IMO: E
1. The intended meaning:
(1) a comparison between human DNA and grape DNA: these two are somewhat similar
(2) here's the similarity: they both contain sites where some nucleotide sequences are repeated
2. what's wrong with A?
As mentioned above, here the meaning is "comparison", not "function". Therefore, we need either "as + clause" or "like + noun".
Although sometimes "as" can be followed by a prepositional phrase (in which case the expression is indeed eclipse from the prototype "as + clause", for example, "As at school, I study hard at home."), here "as with those of humans" does not make sense.
In the case of "As with A, __________." the sentence should be comparing "with A" with another prepositional phrase, such as "with B". However, "with B" does not present.
Also, "those" do not have clear referent.
In a word, "As with those of humans" is problematic.
3. POE
Look vertically. The beginning of underlined part is definitely a split.
B. "As human DNA, ..." wrong.
C. "As it is with human DNA, the DNA of grape plants"
here "it" has no referent.
btw. this wrong expression reminds me of a correct idiom "as is the case with". it's interesting to note that GMAT sometimes distort this expression to creat wrong choices
D. " Like human, the DNA of grape plants"
This choice illogically compares human with DNA.
E. Correct.
As with those of humans, the DNA of grape plants contains sites where certain unique sequences of nucleotides are repeated over and over.
A. As with those of humans, the DNA of grape plants contains sites where
B. As human DNA, the DNA of grape plants contain sites in which
C. As it is with human DNA, the DNA of grape plants, containing sites in which
D. Like human, the DNA of grape plants contain sites where
E. Like human DNA, the DNA of grape plants contains sites in which
IMO: E
1. The intended meaning:
(1) a comparison between human DNA and grape DNA: these two are somewhat similar
(2) here's the similarity: they both contain sites where some nucleotide sequences are repeated
2. what's wrong with A?
As mentioned above, here the meaning is "comparison", not "function". Therefore, we need either "as + clause" or "like + noun".
Although sometimes "as" can be followed by a prepositional phrase (in which case the expression is indeed eclipse from the prototype "as + clause", for example, "As at school, I study hard at home."), here "as with those of humans" does not make sense.
In the case of "As with A, __________." the sentence should be comparing "with A" with another prepositional phrase, such as "with B". However, "with B" does not present.
Also, "those" do not have clear referent.
In a word, "As with those of humans" is problematic.
3. POE
Look vertically. The beginning of underlined part is definitely a split.
B. "As human DNA, ..." wrong.
C. "As it is with human DNA, the DNA of grape plants"
here "it" has no referent.
btw. this wrong expression reminds me of a correct idiom "as is the case with". it's interesting to note that GMAT sometimes distort this expression to creat wrong choices
D. " Like human, the DNA of grape plants"
This choice illogically compares human with DNA.
E. Correct.
05 Jun 2012, 17:33
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Awesome post Payal. The above is one of the better explanations of As Vs Like. Have the new files been posted in the course.. I would like to take them ASAP. It would also help if you notify us (I am a customer) as soon as files are uploaded. Kamaksha
