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Bunuel
Consider a function f satisfying \(f(x + y) = f(x)f(y)\) where x, y are positive integers, and \(f(1) = 2\). If \(f(a + 1) + f(a + 2) + … + f(a + n) = 16(2^n − 1)\) then \(a\) is equal to

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

\(f(x + y) = f(x)f(y)\)
--> \(f(1 + 1) = f(1)f(1) = 2*2 = 4 = 2^2\)
--> \(f(3) = f(2 + 1) = f(2)f(1) = 4*2 = 2^3\)
So, \(f(n) = 2^n\)

\(f(a + 1) + f(a + 2) + … + f(a + n) = 16(2^n − 1)\)
--> \(f(a)f(1) + f(a)f(2) + f(a)f(3) + . . . . . . . . f(a)f(n) = 16(2^n − 1)\)
--> \(f(a)[2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + . . . . . . . + 2^n] = 16(2^n − 1)\)
-->\(f(a)*\frac{2(2^n - 1)}{2 - 1} = 16(2^n − 1)\)
--> \(2^a*2 = 16\)
--> \(2^{a + 1} = 2^4\)
--> \(a + 1 = 4\)
--> \(a = 3\)

Option C
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f(x+y)=f(x)f(y)
f(1)=2 = 2^1
putting , x= 1, y=1,
we get f(1+1)=f(1)f(1)
or, f(2)=2*2 =2^2
similarly , f(3) = 2^3 , f(4) = 2^4 , ... and so on.

now,f(a+1)+f(a+2)+…+f(a+n)=16(2^n−1)
or, 2^(a+1) + 2^(a+2) +... + 2^(a+n) =16(2^n−1)
or, 2^(a+1) [ 2^n -1] /(2-1) =16^n−1) [ Sn = a (r^n-1)/ (r-1) , where a is the first term and r is the common ratio ]
or, 2^(a+1) [ 2^n -1] = 2^4(2^n−1)

now, comparing both sides,a+1 = 4
or, a=3

correct answer will be C
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Bunuel
Consider a function f satisfying \(f(x + y) = f(x)f(y)\) where x, y are positive integers, and \(f(1) = 2\). If \(f(a + 1) + f(a + 2) + … + f(a + n) = 16(2^n − 1)\) then \(a\) is equal to

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

Are You Up For the Challenge: 700 Level Questions
Asked: Consider a function f satisfying \(f(x + y) = f(x)f(y)\) where x, y are positive integers, and \(f(1) = 2\). If \(f(a + 1) + f(a + 2) + … + f(a + n) = 16(2^n − 1)\) then \(a\) is equal to

\(f(x + y) = f(x)f(y)\)
Let x = 1 & y =0
f(1) = f(1) f(0) = 2; f(0) =1; f(1) = 2
f(n+1) = f(n)f(1) = 2f(n)
f(n) = 2^n

\(f(a + 1) + f(a + 2) + … + f(a + n) = 16(2^n − 1)\)
f(a)(f(1) +f(a)f(2) + ....... + f(a)f(n) = 16(2^n-1)
f(a)(2 + 2^2 +2^3 + ..... 2^n) = 16(2^n-1)
2f(a)(1 + 2 +...... + 2^{n-1}) = 2f(a) (2^n-1) = 16 (2^n-1)
f(a) = 8 = 2^a
Since f(3) = 8
a = 3

IMO C­
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Given f(x+y)=f(x)f(y)---------------------------------(eq. 1)
& f(a+1)+f(a+2)+…+f(a+n)=16(2^n−1)-------------(eq. 2)

From Eq. 1 & 2, if n=1
f(a+1)=f(a)f(1)=16(2-1)=16
=> 2f(a)=16
f(a)=8

f(1+1)=f(2)=f(1)f(1)=2x2=4
f(1+2)=f(3)=8=f(a)
Therefore, a = 3

Ans C
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