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19 May 2019, 20:37
Kudos
Bookmarks
ArupRS
ArupRS , two final items: their and common metaphorical construction
• THEIR
The only logical antecedent is investors.
Shares cannot have frustration or be frustrated. Ever.
GMAC occasionally uses sentences in which inanimate things perform actions that require conscious intent.
"A treatise that argued . . ."
In those questions, GMAC reflects language changes; in certain cases, it has become standard to allow a thing to perform an intent-based action.
By contrast, GMAC never uses sentences in which inanimate things have emotions or express emotions.
Shares of stock cannot feel frustration [i.e. frustration that might be expressed by investors].
Shares cannot express frustration, either.
The only logical antecedent is investors.
Answer D is fine. (I am not sure whether this part bothered you, but if it did not, perhaps others will benefit.)
• the metaphorical construct
To voice is not literal in this kind of question.
In English, metaphor is common, though we do not see much use of metaphor on the GMAT.
One major difference between B and D is that D correctly captures a common use of metaphor in English.
subject + deed = metaphorical expression of result captured by comma + ING
BY selling their shares, the investors "voiced" their frustration.
The act of selling came first. That act had the effect of metaphorically "voicing" the investors' frustration.
The investors did not actually utter a word. They "spoke" with action.
As is this question's sentence, this sentence is metaphorical:
Outraged by the university's continuous mishandling of rape cases, about 10 percent of the students transferred immediately, voting with their feet and advertising their anger.
What were the students "voting" on? No election or referendum was actually happening.
The students were deciding whether to attend and pay money to a school that mishandled rape cases.
Leaving the school resulted in their "voting" with their feet
and in their "advertising" their anger: the students let the university know that they found its actions intolerable.
This metaphorical usage is fairly common, and its pattern is predictable.
-- Persons ABC do XYZ, and in doing XYZ, ABCs metaphorically express or do something else.
The deed XYZ happens first.
The deed then "expresses," or becomes emblematic of, some state of mind or affairs.
The investors sold shares of the company's stock, [thereby] voicing their frustration.
-- A comma before a present participle phrase often signals that the ___ING word expresses the effect or result of the previous clause.
-- That signal is at work in this case, too: comma + verbING = metaphorical result/effect of previous clause
Another example:
Wary of the high rate of unemployment among lawyers, she chose an expensive Ivy League law school, buying herself options and opportunities.
-- Is she really purchasing anything? No. There is a metaphorical "barter" or exchange going on, though.)
-- She chose an Ivy League law school [deed first]. That choice "bought" [gave] her options and opportunities.
Another example:
Apparently undeterred by basic civility, the leader made appalling decisions and issued offensive statements, loudly announcing what some specialists called his "unmitigated narcissism."
The leader is not actually announcing his unmitigated narcissism.
His deeds have the effect of "announcing" what experts say is a personality disorder.
Metaphorically "announcing" a psychological disorder is the result of actions in the previous clause.
• Option B
At best, Option B loses the logic and should be rewritten with verbs of equal weight.
To my native ear, B sounds almost like a comma splice.
B. investors voiced their frustration, quickly selling the company's shares
No reason exists to use the participle phrase as a "contemporaneous action" modifier. Time sequence in B?
The investors are disappointed with the company. The investors voice their frustration, literally. They say something.
At the same time, they sell their shares.
B sounds similar to E (and in fact probably should look like E).
in B, "quickly selling shares" is at best a contemporaneous action.
-- Logically, selling shares does not result from investors having spoken about frustration.
-- Investors sold shares not because they voiced frustration.
-- They sold shares because they were frustrated. In that case, the verb phrases should be parallel or at least on equal par, as in E.
20 May 2019, 08:52
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avikroy
Point to eliminate B
Quickly is an adverb but in a phrase, after a comma, there is no verb to be modified.
Hope it Helps
Thanks = Kudos
21 May 2019, 09:11
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daagh
daagh
Sir,
Thank you for the brilliant explanation. I got the essence now, but I am afraid I may not be able to decide between such closed contenders based on this logic.
This is very difficult to judge for me. But I would keep in mind that the more important action be given the status of a verb.
Regards,
Arup
