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505-555 (Easy)|   Subject Verb Agreement|                  
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Hi Experts,
KarishmaB GMATNinja,

(B) Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—each of them Hemingway’s wives—were strong and interesting women,

Can you please provide example to understand "Each of them" structure? Is it always a modifier? Or Each of them can potentially be a subject with plural verb.
"Them" should have a clear antecedent?

(E) Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—every one of Hemingway’s wives were
Why can't we cannot consider "Strong and interesting women" as subject of the verb "were" and "everyone" as modifier. In that case, E could be correct

Thank you for your help :)
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Sneha2021
Hi Experts,
[url=https://gmatclub.com:443/forum/memberlist.php?mode=viewprofile&un=KarishmaB%5D%5Bb%5DKarishmaB%5B/b%5D%5B/url%5D [url=https://gmatclub.com:443/forum/memberlist.php?mode=viewprofile&un=GMATNinja%5D%5Bb%5DGMATNinja%5B/b%5D%5B/url%5D,

(B) Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—each of them Hemingway’s wives—were strong and interesting women,

Can you please provide example to understand "Each of them" structure? Is it always a modifier? Or Each of them can potentially be a subject with plural verb.
"Them" should have a clear antecedent?

Thank you for your help :)
"Each of them" appears to be a modifier in this option, though it's pretty incoherent. ("Each" individual is somehow multiple "wives"?)

What the phrase does would depend on context. For instance, I could write "Tim has many dogs; each of them has eaten many slippers." Here, "each of them" is referring back to the larger group "many dogs," and it functions as the subject of the verb phrase "has eaten."

I could also write, "Tim has many dogs, each of them a Golden Retriever with shaved legs." Now "each of them" functions solely as a modifier. Seems okay. (The "of them" seems, at best, unnecessary, but I wouldn't say it's wrong.)

Quote:
Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—every one of Hemingway’s wives were
Why can't we cannot consider "Strong and interesting women" as subject of the verb "were" and "everyone" as modifier. In that case, E could be correct
Nah. The phrase, "everyone of Hemingway's wives" has to do something in this sentence. It appears to be the subject of "were." That's no good, as "every one" should take the singular "was."

And if "strong and interesting women" is the subject of the sentence, you end up with, "Strong and interesting women...were very different from the often pallid women who populate his novels." Now we have a meaning problem. We're not talking about strong and interesting women in general. We're talking specifically about Hemingway's wives who happened to be strong and interesting.

Either way, (E) is problematic.

I hope the clears things up!
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(Each, everyone, every)when any of the words mentioned is the subject then verb must always be singular
c) is the correct answer. Wives(plural subject) verb(were)
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Each of Hemingway’s wives—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—were strong and interesting women, very different from the often pallid women who populate his novels.


(A) Each of Hemingway’s wives—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—were strong and interesting women,

(B) Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—each of them Hemingway’s wives—were strong and interesting women,

(C) Hemingway’s wives—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—were all strong and interesting women,

(D) Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—each a wife of Hemingway, was

(E) Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—every one of Hemingway’s wives were

Each choice except the third contains errors of agreement. In both the first and last choice, the singular subject (each in the first choice, every one in the last choice) does not agree with the plural verb were, while in the fourth choice, the plural subject women is mismatched with the singular verb was. In the second choice the subject and verb agree, but the descriptive phrase placed between them creates an illogical statement because each cannot be wives; each can be only one of the wives, or a wife.

The pronoun constructions in the first, second, fourth, and last choices are wordy. Also, the second, fourth, and last choices are very awkwardly structured and do not convey the point about Hemingway's wives clearly.

The third choice correctly links wives with were, eliminates the unnecessary pronouns, and provides a clearer structure.

AjiteshArun,

In Option B, I don't understand how each is the subject. I thought information b/w dashes is just additional information, hence can be removed.

Quote:
B) Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsheach of them Hemingway’s wiveswere strong and interesting women,

Hence , I thought HR, PP, MG , and MW are the subject and were is the verb.

Please guide.

Thanks
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Iwillget770
AjiteshArun,

In Option B, I don't understand how each is the subject. I thought information b/w dashes is just additional information, hence can be removed.

Quote:
B) Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsheach of them Hemingway’s wiveswere strong and interesting women,

Hence , I thought HR, PP, MG , and MW are the subject and were is the verb.

Please guide.

Thanks
Hi Iwillget770,

Your analysis is correct. In option B, the subject is {Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh}, and the verb is {were}.

The problem is the modifier: each of them Hemingway’s wives. It doesn't make sense to say that each (singular) is a wives (plural).
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