El Nino-Southern Oscillation is a climate pattern that occurs

Question

El Nino-Southern Oscillation is a climate pattern that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean approximately every five years. The phenomenon includes a change in ocean temperature—the "El Nino" component—and a change in air surface pressure—the "Southern Oscillation" component. When prolonged, above-average ocean warming coincides with higher air surface pressure, the phenomenon is popularly called El Nino; when prolonged, above-average ocean cooling coincides with lower air surface pressure, the phenomenon is popularly called La Nina. El Nino or La Nina events typically last between five and nine months. El Nino begins with increased surface pressure over the Indian Ocean and reduced air pressure over the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, a combination which causes trade winds traveling from Peru to the Eastern Pacific to subside. Under normal conditions, these trade winds blow warm water near the surface away from Peru along the Equatorial Current, leading to an upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water. During an El Nino, however, this effect is reduced. Because the Pacific Ocean has a potent impact on climate throughout the world, El Nino disturbs weather patterns more powerfully than does any other known force. Typical effects include severe droughts in Indonesia, Australia, and the Philippines, and substantially increased rainfall in parts of South America.

The effects of El Nino can be economically devastating in South America. Because of the increased rainfall, flooding in Peru and Ecuador is common. Moreover, El Nino significantly diminishes the amount of cold water that usually rises from the deep, depriving local fish populations of the important nutrients brought up with the cold water. In the absence of these nutrients, fish swim deeper, head south, or die off, causing great harm to the fishing industry. Indeed, during the 1972 El Nino, the world's largest fishery collapsed. In addition, these same fish feed local bird populations; during an El Nino event, birds, the droppings of which are used in the fertilizer industry, leave to find new food sources. Although no one knows how long El Nino has existed, evidence suggests that there may have been El Nino phenomena for thousands of years. Coral records suggest a warming of sea surface temperatures as early as 3,000 B.C.E. Five hundred years ago, fishermen in Peru saw their anchovy catch diminish substantially when water temperatures warmed. The most destructive El Nino event occurred in 1982-1983, when droughts and associated wildfires killed nearly 2,000 people; this incident sparked intense occupation among scientists worldwide with the causes of El Nino.
    1 In the last sentence of the passage, the word occupation most nearly means

A. function
B. employment
C. concern
D. affair
E. professionalism

2

The passage suggests which of the following about phenomena associated with El Nino?

I The surface water of the Pacific Ocean near South America is warmer because of reduced trade winds.
II Severe droughts are seen in some parts of the world, while increased flooding is seen in other parts of the world.
III Because many fish relocate or die, fewer fish are caught by many people in the South American fishing industry.

A. I
B. II
C. III
D. I,II,and III
E. None of the above

3

On the basis of the passage, it can be inferred that

A. In the absence of an El Nifio event, drought conditions are rarely present in Indonesia, Australia, or the Philippines.
B. No observable phenomenon influences global weather patterns to a magnitude greater than does an El Nino event.
C. Because of the changes in surface pressure and reduction in trade winds associated with El Nino events, many South American birds are forced to relocate.
D. The El Nino event of 1982-1983 caused more deaths than did any other climate-related event that year.
E. The effects of the 1972 El Nino event were felt most profoundly in Peru and Ecuador.

Post A Detailed Correct Solution For The Above Questions And Get Kudos.

Its_me_aka_ak · Answer

The passage suggests which of the following about phenomena associated with El Nino?

I The surface water of the Pacific Ocean near South America is warmer because of reduced trade winds. 
II Severe droughts are seen in some parts of the world, while increased flooding is seen in other parts of the world. 
III Because many fish relocate or die, fewer fish are caught by many people in the South American fishing industry.

A. I
B. II
C. III
D. I,II,and III
E. None of the above

Im confused for statement 1 in Q2. got rest questions correct. kindly assist where is it explicitly mentioned

carcass · Answer

Under normal conditions, these trade winds blow warm water near the surface  away from Peru   along the Equatorial Current, leading to an upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water.  During an El Nino, however, this effect is reduced.

The surface water of the Pacific Ocean near South America is warmer because of reduced trade winds.

The first statement is supported by the above sentence in the passage

I hope now is more clear

Its_me_aka_ak · Answer

Thanks for the assertion.

carcass · Answer

EXPLANATION QUESTION #1

Come up with your own word to replace occupation, based on the context of the sentence. You might choose a word like interest to describe what a destructive El Niño event would likely spark among the world’s scientists. Of the choices, only concern can mean interest.

carcass · Answer

EXPLANATION QUESTION #2

D

Each choice is supported. According to the second paragraph, the reduced trade winds during an El Niño fail to bring as much warm water away from South America as is typical. The second paragraph also mentions droughts in places such as Indonesia and flooding in South America. The third paragraph confirms that fish dive deeper, move south, or die off, which negatively affects the fishing industry.

carcass · Answer

EXPLANATION QUESTION #3

B

In an inference question, the correct answer must be supported by the text of the passage. Choice (B) is supported: The second paragraph states that El Niño disturbs weather patterns more powerfully than does any other known force. Choice (B) is a fair paraphrase of this statement. Choice (A) is not supported: While drought conditions may be severe in these locations during El Niño, the passage offers no information about drought conditions in the absence of El Niño. Choice (C) is wrong because the birds relocate due to reduced food supplies, not the changes in pressure and winds. Choice D is not supported: The 1982– 1983 El Niño was the worst El Niño, but the passage does not make a comparison with other climate-related events of that year. Choice (E), finally, is also not supported: While the passage describes some of the effects of the 1972 El Niño event in Peru and Ecuador, no information is provided to make a comparison between those countries and other countries.

El Nino-Southern Oscillation is a climate pattern that occurs

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GMAT Reading Comprehension (RC) Questions

El Nino-Southern Oscillation is a climate pattern that occurs

Prep Toolkit

615 to 715 in 15 Days (Ria's Strategies)

More than Quant/Verbal Abilities: Speed vs. Accuracy

745 with Only Self-Prep and GMAT Club

From 555 to 765: 210-point Improvement

Perfect 805 Score Debrief by Julia

My Rewards