From Romania to Germany, from Tallinn to Belgrade, a major historical

Can sb help me with Q4, its really hard to understand…..

As I know this is an application question


Explanation
This is an application question. These are like extension questions, but they go well beyond what is stated in the passage. In this case we are asked to interpret the author’s comments from a cynic’s perspective. Because application questions go well beyond the passage, they are often difficult, as is this one.
Hint
A cynic looks at reality from a negative perspective, usually with a sense of dark irony and hopelessness. Don’t make the mistake of choosing (E). Although a cynic is likely to make such a statement, it does not address the subject of the passage—political and economic systems. The passage is not about human nature, at least not directly.
Thanks SajjadAhmad

However, how can we…..

Yet, even as we are conscious of our victory, we feel that we are, in a strange way, losing. In Bulgaria the Communists have won the parliamentary elections and will govern the country, without losing their social legitimacy. In Romania the National Salvation Front, largely dominated by people from the old Communist bureaucracy, has won. In other countries democratic institutions seem shaky, and the political horizon is cloudy. The masquerade goes on: dozens of groups and parties are created, each announces similar slogans, each accuses its adversaries of all possible sins, and each declares itself representative of the national interest. Personal disputes are more important than disputes over values. Arguments over values are fiercer than arguments over ideas.

How can we infer from this “end of the paragraph” that it’s a fair description of many democratic political systems???

Why cannot (A)&(E) be the correct answer???



For (A),we can see traces from


In Bulgaria the Communists have won the parliamentary elections and will govern the country, without losing their social legitimacy. In Romania the National Salvation Front, largely dominated by people from the old Communist bureaucracy, has won.

the society is still in the throws of (suffer from/challenge with)the old totalitarian(communist) structure.


For (E),we can see traces from


each accuses its adversaries of all possible sins, and each declares itself representative of the national interest. Personal disputes are more important than disputes over values. Arguments over values are fiercer than arguments over ideas.

suggest implicitly that its about “baseness of people”


Or maybe the tone isn’t cynical enough to be the correct answer???

“A cynic does not address the subject of the passage—political and economic systems.”
…..so what will a cynic address to???