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Difficulty:
75%
(hard)
Question Stats:
44% (01:30) correct
56%
(01:26)
wrong
based on 248
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In 1428, Joan of Arc, an adolescent in the village of Domremy, France, claimed to have had visions of Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine, and Saint Michael, who she said ordered her to restore the French nation.
(A) claimed to have had visions of Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine, and Saint Michael, who
(B) claimed to have visions of Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine, and Saint Michael, whom
(C) claimed to have had visions of Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine, and Saint Michael, whom
(D) claimed to have visions of Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine, and Saint Michael, who
(E) had claimed to have had visions of Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine, and Saint Michael, whom
(A) claimed to have had visions of Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine, and Saint Michael, who
(B) claimed to have visions of Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine, and Saint Michael, whom
(C) claimed to have had visions of Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine, and Saint Michael, whom
(D) claimed to have visions of Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine, and Saint Michael, who
(E) had claimed to have had visions of Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine, and Saint Michael, whom
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Expert's Global Official Explanation
Tenses + Pronouns
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of the crucial part of this sentence is that in 1428, Joan of Arc made the claim that she had received visions of three saints.
• “who” is used to refer to a subject and “whom” is used to refer to an object.
• The past perfect tense (marked by the use of helping verb "had") is used when a sentence contains two actions in the past; the helping verb "had" is used with the action in the "greater past".
• The simple past tense is used to refer to events that concluded in the past.
A. Correct. This answer choice correctly uses the past perfect tense verb phrase “have had visions” to refer to the earlier of two actions that took place in the past; please note that the usage “have had” is perfectly alright; “have” reflects “possession” here and “had” is a helping verb, reflecting perfect past tense. Further, Option A correctly uses the pronoun “who” to refer to the nouns “Saint Margaret”, “Saint Catherine”, and “Saint Michael “which are the subjects of the sentence.
B. Trap. This answer choice incorrectly uses the simple past tense in “claimed to have visions”, incorrectly implying that Joan of Arc made her claim about the visions at the same time she had them; the intended meaning of the sentence is that in 1428, Joan of Arc made the claim that she had received visions of three saints; please remember, the past perfect tense (marked by the use of helping verb "had") is used when a sentence contains two actions in the past; the helping verb "had" is used with the action in the "greater past". Further, Option B incorrectly uses the pronoun “whom” to refer to the nouns “Saint Margaret”, “Saint Catherine”, and “Saint Michael”, which are the subjects of the sentence; please remember, “who” is used to refer to the subject of the sentence, and “whom” is used to refer to the object.
C. Trap. This answer choice incorrectly uses the pronoun “whom” to refer to the nouns “Saint Margaret”, “Saint Catherine”, and “Saint Michael”, which are the subjects of the sentence; please remember, “who” is used to refer to a subject and “whom” is used to refer to an object.
D. Trap. This answer choice incorrectly uses the simple past tense in “claimed to have visions”, incorrectly implying that Joan of Arc made her claim about the visions at the same time when she had them; the intended meaning of the sentence is that in 1428, Joan of Arc made the claim that she had received visions of three saints; please remember, the past perfect tense (marked by the use of helping verb "had") is used when a sentence contains two actions in the past; the helping verb "had" is used with the action in the "greater past".
E. This answer choice incorrectly uses the past perfect tense (see “had claimed…”) to refer to the later of the two actions that took place in the past; please remember, the past perfect tense (marked by the use of helping verb "had") is used when a sentence contains two actions in the past; the helping verb "had" is used with the action in the "greater past". Further, Option E incorrectly uses the pronoun “whom” to refer to the nouns “Saint Margaret”, “Saint Catherine”, and “Saint Michael”, which are the subject of the sentence; please remember, “who” is used to refer to a subject and “whom” is used to refer to an object.
A is the best answer choice.
