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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 9): Health Advocate's Argument: 19 Jul 2024, 10:41
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I have gone ahead and given kudos to all "E" answers.

The reason D is incorrect is as follows (I have elaborated the explanation in the second post).

Just because we started printing calorie information on the menus, people will not suddenly rush to buy cheaper high-calorie food because they have been likely buying it all along. We have not changed prices - we have only added calorie information and we know from studies that works. Let's take the worst case: calorie information does not impact a single person from the group of people who are price sensitive and they continue buying cheapest high calorie food. But that is not a problem for us, since if a portion of the population shifts their preferences, and we know they will based on the studies that proved calorie information printing is effective, the result will be achieved. A few other things to point out, picking at words - a choice is more appealing, but is it more purchased or consumed? Another assumption we have to make is that a certain % of customers are price-sensitive, and we do not know what % of people that is, so it is hard for us to evaluate what % of people will or will not be price sensitive. The setup tells us that the calorie information printing works and this choice fails to prove that it will not.­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 9): Health Advocate's Argument: 19 Jul 2024, 10:57
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Hi bb now that answer has been changed so will the points also get awarded to those who just got kudos for option E i.e. moderator 100 & correct timer 10?

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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 9): Health Advocate's Argument: 19 Jul 2024, 11:03
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Hi bb now that answer has been changed so will the points also get awarded to those who just got kudos for option E i.e. moderator 100 & correct timer 10?

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Yes. By tomorrow the points will post.
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 9): Health Advocate's Argument: 19 Jul 2024, 21:16
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­Health Advocate's Argument: The implementation of mandatory calorie counts on all restaurant menus is widely seen as an effective measure to combat obesity. Studies have shown that when calorie information is readily available, people choose healthier options. Therefore, a health official proposes that all restaurants should be required to display calorie counts, aiming to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the advisability of implementing the proposal?
(A) Many restaurants that voluntarily provide calorie counts have seen a decrease in customers, indicating potential revenue losses for businesses.
- Business loss isn't the concern here, conclusion is about decreasing the national obesity rate

(B) Studies demonstrating the effectiveness of calorie counts have primarily focused on fast food restaurants, which only represent a portion of the restaurant industry.
- Even if just a portion, if the plan works, it could reduce the obesity rate.

(C) Restaurants that have already implemented calorie counts report difficulties in accurately estimating the calorie content for every dish, leading to frequent revisions.
- This is not relevant. No tie to conclusion.

(D) Foods that are high in calories are often the most affordable options, making them more appealing despite calorie count displays.
- Even if they are, it is mentioned that the study suggests people pick healthier options.

(E) Many foods that do not have high-calorie counts are still unhealthy because of high salt or sugar content, which is not necessarily reflected in calorie counts alone.
- This is the correct answer. It is assumed that low calorie foods are healthy, but what if they are not and even they cause obesity.

 
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­bb, I did not get points for this kudos. Can you please get it checked and credited? It's the last day today :)
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 9): Health Advocate's Argument: 19 Jul 2024, 21:59
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­Hi, Purnank!

To solve this question, let us deploy IMS's four-step technique.

STEP #1 -> IDENTIFY THE QUESTION TYPE

Let us read the question stem to identify the question type.
Quote:
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the advisability of implementing the proposal?
Show more
The stem indicates a weakening question.

Now that the question type is identified, let us proceed to the second step.

STEP #2 -> DECONSTRUCT THE ARGUMENT

In a weakening question, it is a must to deconstruct the argument by figuring out the conclusion and the premise. Let us therefore read the argument first and deconstruct it soon after.
Quote:
Health Advocate's Argument: The implementation of mandatory calorie counts on all restaurant menus is widely seen as an effective measure to combat obesity. Studies have shown that when calorie information is readily available, people choose healthier options. Therefore, a health official proposes that all restaurants should be required to display calorie counts, aiming to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years.
Show more
CONCLUSION: A health official proposes that all restaurants should be required to display calorie counts, aiming to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years.
PREMISE: Studies have shown that when calorie information is readily available, people choose healthier options.

Now that the argument is deconstructed, let us proceed to the third step. 

STEP #3 -> FRAME A SHADOW ANSWER

To frame a shadow answer, we need to know what the right answer is supposed to do. In this question, the right answer should call into question the advisability of implementing the proposal. Remember, an excellent way of weakening any argument is to challenge the argument's premise.

SHADOW ANSWER: A situation that leads us to believe that based on the stated premise, all restaurants displaying calorie counts need not necessarily reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years.

Now that we have a shadow answer, let us proceed to the final step.

STEP #4 -> ELIMINATE INCORRECT OPTIONS

Options that do not match the shadow answer can be eliminated. 

(A) Many restaurants that voluntarily provide calorie counts have seen a decrease in customers, indicating potential revenue losses for businesses. - NOT A MATCH - If what is stated in this option is true, we know there might be a decrease in customers if the proposal is implemented, leading to potential revenue losses for businesses; however, we will still not be able to weaken the argument. Remember, we need an option that leads us to believe that all restaurants displaying calorie counts need not necessarily reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years. We are not concerned about other impacts. - ELIMINATE

(B) Studies demonstrating the effectiveness of calorie counts have primarily focused on fast food restaurants, which only represent a portion of the restaurant industry. - MATCHES THE SHADOW ANSWER - If what is stated in this option is true, the premise of the health advocate is immediately challenged, meaning the proposal could work for fast food restaurants but not all restaurants. So, if fast food restaurants displayed calorie counts, one could say people would choose healthier options. But ALL restaurants displaying calorie counts need not necessarily reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years. In other words, it is not necessary for ALL restaurants to display calorie counts in order for the national obesity rate to reduce. The advisability of implementing the proposal is thus called into question. - KEEP

(C) Restaurants that have already implemented calorie counts report difficulties in accurately estimating the calorie content for every dish, leading to frequent revisions. - NOT A MATCH - Again, we are not worried about what has already happened in restaurants that have implemented calorie counts. Also, the plan is formulated with the intention of reducing the national obesity rate, so we do not have to be worried about other implications that may or may not arise. - ELIMINATE

(D) Foods that are high in calories are often the most affordable options, making them more appealing despite calorie count displays. - NOT A MATCH - We already know people choose healthier options when calorie information is readily available, so whether the foods high in calories are appealing or not is irrelevant. Despite their being appealing, remember people will choose healthier options when calorie information is readily available. Also, does this option lead us to believe that all restaurants displaying calorie counts need not necessarily reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years? No! - ELIMINATE

(E) Many foods that do not have high-calorie counts are still unhealthy because of high salt or sugar content, which is not necessarily reflected in calorie counts alone. - NOT A MATCH - We are not worried about whether many foods that do not have high-calorie counts are unhealthy or healthy. Even if they are unhealthy, we will not have any reason to question the advisability of implementing the proposal, for the proposal intends to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years, meaning it deals with one health issue and does not concern itself with improving the overall health. - ELIMINATE

Hence, (B) is the correct answer. 
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 9): Health Advocate's Argument: 19 Jul 2024, 23:28
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b_sudharsan

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­Hi, Purnank!

To solve this question, let us deploy IMS's four-step technique.

STEP #1 -> IDENTIFY THE QUESTION TYPE

Let us read the question stem to identify the question type.
Quote:
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the advisability of implementing the proposal?
The stem indicates a weakening question.

Now that the question type is identified, let us proceed to the second step.

STEP #2 -> DECONSTRUCT THE ARGUMENT

In a weakening question, it is a must to deconstruct the argument by figuring out the conclusion and the premise. Let us therefore read the argument first and deconstruct it soon after.
Quote:
Health Advocate's Argument: The implementation of mandatory calorie counts on all restaurant menus is widely seen as an effective measure to combat obesity. Studies have shown that when calorie information is readily available, people choose healthier options. Therefore, a health official proposes that all restaurants should be required to display calorie counts, aiming to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years.
CONCLUSION: A health official proposes that all restaurants should be required to display calorie counts, aiming to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years.
PREMISE: Studies have shown that when calorie information is readily available, people choose healthier options.

Now that the argument is deconstructed, let us proceed to the third step. 

STEP #3 -> FRAME A SHADOW ANSWER

To frame a shadow answer, we need to know what the right answer is supposed to do. In this question, the right answer should call into question the advisability of implementing the proposal. Remember, an excellent way of weakening any argument is to challenge the argument's premise.

SHADOW ANSWER: A situation that leads us to believe that based on the stated premise, all restaurants displaying calorie counts need not necessarily reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years.

Now that we have a shadow answer, let us proceed to the final step.

STEP #4 -> ELIMINATE INCORRECT OPTIONS

Options that do not match the shadow answer can be eliminated. 

(A) Many restaurants that voluntarily provide calorie counts have seen a decrease in customers, indicating potential revenue losses for businesses. - NOT A MATCH - If what is stated in this option is true, we know there might be a decrease in customers if the proposal is implemented, leading to potential revenue losses for businesses; however, we will still not be able to weaken the argument. Remember, we need an option that leads us to believe that all restaurants displaying calorie counts need not necessarily reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years. We are not concerned about other impacts. - ELIMINATE

(B) Studies demonstrating the effectiveness of calorie counts have primarily focused on fast food restaurants, which only represent a portion of the restaurant industry. - MATCHES THE SHADOW ANSWER - If what is stated in this option is true, the premise of the health advocate is immediately challenged, meaning the proposal could work for fast food restaurants but not all restaurants. So, if fast food restaurants displayed calorie counts, one could say people would choose healthier options. But ALL restaurants displaying calorie counts need not necessarily reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years. In other words, it is not necessary for ALL restaurants to display calorie counts in order for the national obesity rate to reduce. The advisability of implementing the proposal is thus called into question. - KEEP

(C) Restaurants that have already implemented calorie counts report difficulties in accurately estimating the calorie content for every dish, leading to frequent revisions. - NOT A MATCH - Again, we are not worried about what has already happened in restaurants that have implemented calorie counts. Also, the plan is formulated with the intention of reducing the national obesity rate, so we do not have to be worried about other implications that may or may not arise. - ELIMINATE

(D) Foods that are high in calories are often the most affordable options, making them more appealing despite calorie count displays. - NOT A MATCH - We already know people choose healthier options when calorie information is readily available, so whether the foods high in calories are appealing or not is irrelevant. Despite their being appealing, remember people will choose healthier options when calorie information is readily available. Also, does this option lead us to believe that all restaurants displaying calorie counts need not necessarily reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years? No! - ELIMINATE

(E) Many foods that do not have high-calorie counts are still unhealthy because of high salt or sugar content, which is not necessarily reflected in calorie counts alone. - NOT A MATCH - We are not worried about whether many foods that do not have high-calorie counts are unhealthy or healthy. Even if they are unhealthy, we will not have any reason to question the advisability of implementing the proposal, for the proposal intends to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years, meaning it deals with one health issue and does not concern itself with improving the overall health. - ELIMINATE

Hence, (B) is the correct answer. 
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­Thanks! But E is good too.. 
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 9): Health Advocate's Argument: 19 Jul 2024, 23:32
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Purnank

b_sudharsan

Purnank
­b_sudharsan can you pitch in? 
­Hi, Purnank!

To solve this question, let us deploy IMS's four-step technique.

STEP #1 -> IDENTIFY THE QUESTION TYPE

Let us read the question stem to identify the question type.
Quote:
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the advisability of implementing the proposal?
The stem indicates a weakening question.

Now that the question type is identified, let us proceed to the second step.

STEP #2 -> DECONSTRUCT THE ARGUMENT

In a weakening question, it is a must to deconstruct the argument by figuring out the conclusion and the premise. Let us therefore read the argument first and deconstruct it soon after.
Quote:
Health Advocate's Argument: The implementation of mandatory calorie counts on all restaurant menus is widely seen as an effective measure to combat obesity. Studies have shown that when calorie information is readily available, people choose healthier options. Therefore, a health official proposes that all restaurants should be required to display calorie counts, aiming to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years.
CONCLUSION: A health official proposes that all restaurants should be required to display calorie counts, aiming to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years.
PREMISE: Studies have shown that when calorie information is readily available, people choose healthier options.

Now that the argument is deconstructed, let us proceed to the third step. 

STEP #3 -> FRAME A SHADOW ANSWER

To frame a shadow answer, we need to know what the right answer is supposed to do. In this question, the right answer should call into question the advisability of implementing the proposal. Remember, an excellent way of weakening any argument is to challenge the argument's premise.

SHADOW ANSWER: A situation that leads us to believe that based on the stated premise, all restaurants displaying calorie counts need not necessarily reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years.

Now that we have a shadow answer, let us proceed to the final step.

STEP #4 -> ELIMINATE INCORRECT OPTIONS

Options that do not match the shadow answer can be eliminated. 

(A) Many restaurants that voluntarily provide calorie counts have seen a decrease in customers, indicating potential revenue losses for businesses. - NOT A MATCH - If what is stated in this option is true, we know there might be a decrease in customers if the proposal is implemented, leading to potential revenue losses for businesses; however, we will still not be able to weaken the argument. Remember, we need an option that leads us to believe that all restaurants displaying calorie counts need not necessarily reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years. We are not concerned about other impacts. - ELIMINATE

(B) Studies demonstrating the effectiveness of calorie counts have primarily focused on fast food restaurants, which only represent a portion of the restaurant industry. - MATCHES THE SHADOW ANSWER - If what is stated in this option is true, the premise of the health advocate is immediately challenged, meaning the proposal could work for fast food restaurants but not all restaurants. So, if fast food restaurants displayed calorie counts, one could say people would choose healthier options. But ALL restaurants displaying calorie counts need not necessarily reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years. In other words, it is not necessary for ALL restaurants to display calorie counts in order for the national obesity rate to reduce. The advisability of implementing the proposal is thus called into question. - KEEP

(C) Restaurants that have already implemented calorie counts report difficulties in accurately estimating the calorie content for every dish, leading to frequent revisions. - NOT A MATCH - Again, we are not worried about what has already happened in restaurants that have implemented calorie counts. Also, the plan is formulated with the intention of reducing the national obesity rate, so we do not have to be worried about other implications that may or may not arise. - ELIMINATE

(D) Foods that are high in calories are often the most affordable options, making them more appealing despite calorie count displays. - NOT A MATCH - We already know people choose healthier options when calorie information is readily available, so whether the foods high in calories are appealing or not is irrelevant. Despite their being appealing, remember people will choose healthier options when calorie information is readily available. Also, does this option lead us to believe that all restaurants displaying calorie counts need not necessarily reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years? No! - ELIMINATE

(E) Many foods that do not have high-calorie counts are still unhealthy because of high salt or sugar content, which is not necessarily reflected in calorie counts alone. - NOT A MATCH - We are not worried about whether many foods that do not have high-calorie counts are unhealthy or healthy. Even if they are unhealthy, we will not have any reason to question the advisability of implementing the proposal, for the proposal intends to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years, meaning it deals with one health issue and does not concern itself with improving the overall health. - ELIMINATE

Hence, (B) is the correct answer. 
­Thanks! But E is good too.. 
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­What makes you think (E) is good?
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 9): Health Advocate's Argument: 19 Jul 2024, 23:57
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I have gone ahead and given kudos to all "E" answers.

The reason D is incorrect is as follows (I have elaborated the explanation in the second post).

Just because we started printing calorie information on the menus, people will not suddenly rush to buy cheaper high-calorie food because they have been likely buying it all along. We have not changed prices - we have only added calorie information and we know from studies that works. Let's take the worst case: calorie information does not impact a single person from the group of people who are price sensitive and they continue buying cheapest high calorie food. But that is not a problem for us, since if a portion of the population shifts their preferences, and we know they will based on the studies that proved calorie information printing is effective, the result will be achieved. A few other things to point out, picking at words - a choice is more appealing, but is it more purchased or consumed? Another assumption we have to make is that a certain % of customers are price-sensitive, and we do not know what % of people that is, so it is hard for us to evaluate what % of people will or will not be price sensitive. The setup tells us that the calorie information printing works and this choice fails to prove that it will not.­
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I have explained why (E) cannot be the right answer. I am okay with you giving kudos to all "E" answers. However, does your giving kudos mean what is stated in (E) calls into question the advisability of implementing the proposal? If yes, how?
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 9): Health Advocate's Argument: 20 Jul 2024, 22:17
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  1. Hi bb, Bunuel, GMATNinja, ScottTargetTestPrep MartyTargetTestPrep
Sorry for bringing this up so late. I was going through all my incorrect answers.

Here's why I feel E is not the correct answer and D makes more sense. E talks about high salt and sugar content being unhealthy. However, the goal of the plan of mentioning calories next to each food item is to reduce obesity rate in the next decade. Conclusion extracted from the passage: Therefore, a health official proposes that all restaurants should be required to display calorie counts, aiming to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years. THough the argument interchanges health and obesity in the premise it doesn't do so in the conclusion.
Even though the stimulus mentions that people's prefernece change when they see calorie count, D acts as a weakener. It mentions that just because they might be inclined to doesn't mean they can afford to do so. Hence, people will end up buying the affordable high calorie options.

FInally here's why I think B doesn't work. Even though the report has covered only fast food restaurants the plan might work in that sub-group. Say fast food represents 20% of the market. Still if the plan works there will be a decrease in obesity, maybe by a small %. Hence, the plan if implemented will work.

Please share your thoughts.

Thanks
bb

SirSanguine
­Hi Bunuel ,
I agree with your explanation for statement E. In the passage it self it reads that "studies have shown that when calorie information is readily available, people choose healthier options". Which doesnt directly contribute to the conclusion that the step will help curb obesity. Statement E directly hits on the conclusion of the stuy used to evaluate thus cant we say that it eventually hurts any conclusion drwan based on the flawed theory?
I think it is a good point.
E was supposed to be a trap. However, the topic text does tie calories and health... as interchangeable so I think that little tidbit in the original text could make E correct as well.

Good catch! I did not catch it 😢

I will give Kudos for E as well.

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­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 9): Health Advocate's Argument: 22 Jul 2024, 07:45
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Bunuel
­Health Advocate's Argument: The implementation of mandatory calorie counts on all restaurant menus is widely seen as an effective measure to combat obesity. Studies have shown that when calorie information is readily available, people choose options with fewer calories. Therefore, a health official proposes that all restaurants should be required to display calorie counts, aiming to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the advisability of implementing the proposal?

(A) Many restaurants that voluntarily provide calorie counts have seen a decrease in customers, indicating potential revenue losses for businesses.

(B) Studies demonstrating the effectiveness of calorie counts have primarily focused on fast food restaurants, which only represent a portion of the restaurant industry.

(C) Restaurants that have already implemented calorie counts report difficulties in accurately estimating the calorie content for every dish, leading to frequent revisions.

(D) Foods that are high in calories are often the most affordable options, making them more appealing despite calorie count displays.

(E) Many foods that do not have high-calorie counts are still unhealthy because of high salt or sugar content, which is not necessarily reflected in calorie counts alone.


Moderator update: Question stem modified after OA released to adjust for E.


­
 


This question was provided by GMAT Club
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­Hi Bunuel, so in this case the correct answer was E? If so, can you edit the official explanation so I know if my reasoning was right or not? Thank you so much!
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 9): Health Advocate's Argument: 22 Jul 2024, 08:05
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tulee

Bunuel
­Health Advocate's Argument: The implementation of mandatory calorie counts on all restaurant menus is widely seen as an effective measure to combat obesity. Studies have shown that when calorie information is readily available, people choose options with fewer calories. Therefore, a health official proposes that all restaurants should be required to display calorie counts, aiming to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the advisability of implementing the proposal?

(A) Many restaurants that voluntarily provide calorie counts have seen a decrease in customers, indicating potential revenue losses for businesses.

(B) Studies demonstrating the effectiveness of calorie counts have primarily focused on fast food restaurants, which only represent a portion of the restaurant industry.

(C) Restaurants that have already implemented calorie counts report difficulties in accurately estimating the calorie content for every dish, leading to frequent revisions.

(D) Foods that are high in calories are often the most affordable options, making them more appealing despite calorie count displays.

(E) Many foods that do not have high-calorie counts are still unhealthy because of high salt or sugar content, which is not necessarily reflected in calorie counts alone.


Moderator update: Question stem modified after OA released to adjust for E.


­
 


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­Hi Bunuel, so in this case the correct answer was E? If so, can you edit the official explanation so I know if my reasoning was right or not? Thank you so much!
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­
The answer is B:

https://gmatclub.com/forum/gmat-club-ol ... l#p3429933
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 9): Health Advocate's Argument: 23 Jul 2024, 23:57
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Oh, I read the previous replies, thanks for clarifying Bunuel!
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 9): Health Advocate's Argument: 18 Jan 2025, 23:36
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Even I had the same thought process and I marked option C
Shreya1211
The argument concludes that all restaurants should be required to display calorie counts, aiming to reduce the national obesity rate within 10 years.
Premise for that :
Quote:
Studies have shown that when calorie information is readily available, people choose healthier options.

Need to find the right option that will question the stated conclusion. Lets check all answer choices and eliminate before choosing final answer.

Quote:
(A) Many restaurants that voluntarily provide calorie counts have seen a decrease in customers, indicating potential revenue losses for businesses.
The argument is not concerned concern about a business's loss . It aims at reducing national obesity rate within 10 years. this option is pretty much out of scope. ELIMINATE

Quote:
(B) Studies demonstrating the effectiveness of calorie counts have primarily focused on fast food restaurants, which only represent a portion of the restaurant industry.
Even if the study is primarily focused on fast food restaurants, it still proves that the calories counting technique works. This option doesnt question the conclusion. ELIMINATE

Quote:
(C) Restaurants that have already implemented calorie counts report difficulties in accurately estimating the calorie content for every dish, leading to frequent revisions.
This answer choice is quite promising. If the calorie count report is not accurate enough, can we rely on it? For example, if a plate of French Fries has a calorie count of 500 but on the menu it is mentioned 100 calorie, then this data is misleading and seriously questions the conclusion. Will keep this aside before eliminating other options.

Quote:
(D) Foods that are high in calories are often the most affordable options, making them more appealing despite calorie count displays.
Even if food that are high in calorie are the most affordable ones, from the paragraph we dont know if the price of the food is a decision making factor for people. ELIMINATE

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(E) Many foods that do not have high-calorie counts are still unhealthy because of high salt or sugar content, which is not necessarily reflected in calorie counts alone.[/quote]
Out of scope as the paragraph doesnt state that high sugar or salt is the reason for obesity. This can be a tricky option as well. ELIMINATE

Therefore, the answer, in my opinion, is C.[/quote]
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