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25 Sep 2017, 00:01
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Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
53% (01:45) correct
47%
(01:45)
wrong
based on 1643
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In a bureaucracy, all decisions are arrived at by a process that involves many people. There is no one person who has the authority to decide whether a project will process or not. As a consequence, in bureaucracies, risky projects are never undertaken.
The conclusion follows logically from the premises if which one of the following is assumed?
(A) All projects in a bureaucracy require risk.
(B) Decisive individuals choose not to work in a bureaucracy.
(C) An individual who has decision-making power will take risks.
(D) The only risky projects undertaken are those for which a single individual has decision-making power.
(E) People sometimes take risks as individuals that they would not take as part of a group.
The conclusion follows logically from the premises if which one of the following is assumed?
(A) All projects in a bureaucracy require risk.
(B) Decisive individuals choose not to work in a bureaucracy.
(C) An individual who has decision-making power will take risks.
(D) The only risky projects undertaken are those for which a single individual has decision-making power.
(E) People sometimes take risks as individuals that they would not take as part of a group.
04 Nov 2019, 04:33
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broall
An assumption is a missing link between the premises and the conclusion.
In a bureaucracy, all decisions are arrived at by a process that involves many people.
There is no one person who has the authority to decide whether a project will process or not.
Conclusion: So in bureaucracies, risky projects are never undertaken.
The premises do not talk about "risky projects" at all but the conclusion mentions it. The assumption that will lead to the conclusion must then link "group decision" to "risk averse".
(A) All projects in a bureaucracy require risk.
Incorrect. Does not link "group decision" to "risk averse".
(B) Decisive individuals choose not to work in a bureaucracy.
Incorrect. No discussion on how the individuals who form the bureaucracy are.
(C) An individual who has decision-making power will take risks.
Not known and not relevant. No individual has decision-making power in a bureaucracy.
(D) The only risky projects undertaken are those for which a single individual has decision-making power.
This says that risky projects are undertaken only when one individual has decision making power. Given that in a bureaucracy, no individual has decision making power, it follows then that no risky project would be undertaken. This option leads us to the conclusion. Look at it:
Premises:
In a bureaucracy, all decisions are arrived at by a process that involves many people.
There is no one person who has the authority to decide whether a project will process or not.
Risky projects are undertaken only when one individual has decision making power.
Conclusion: In bureaucracies, risky projects are never undertaken.
The conclusion does follow logically from the premises.
(E) People sometimes take risks as individuals that they would not take as part of a group.
First of all, we don't know what kind of risks they are talking about. Also, it says "sometimes". Also, it tells us when people take more risks as individuals than they would in a group. But it doesn't tell us that groups DO NOT take risks. Hence, we cannot say that a group will not agree to a risky project.
Answer (D)
General Discussion
25 Sep 2017, 08:39
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broall
IMO , option D has to be true to prove the conclusion.
Negating it, would mean that risky projects can be undertaken by either single individual or by a group of people. This is directly opposite to what we need to prove.
Option E. comes close to what we need. However, with the word sometimes the author introduces a circumstance in which people do not take risk as an individual.
So, this doesn't clear the air.
