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605-655 Level|   Modifiers|               
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nakib77
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed Updated on: 27 Jun 2021, 03:18
Originally posted by nakib77 on 30 Nov 2005, 14:32.
Last edited by Bunuel on 27 Jun 2021, 03:18, edited 7 times in total.
Renamed the topic and edited the question.
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed flatly, and so it was not necessary to have elaborate closet facilities.

(A) flatly, and so it was not necessary to have elaborate closet facilities
(B) flat, and so elaborate closet facilities were unnecessary
(C) flatly, and so there was no necessity for elaborate closet facilities
(D) flat, there being no necessity for elaborate closet facilities
(E) flatly, as no elaborate closet facilities were necessary

SC74561.01

Show Spoiler
https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/30/magazine/fashion-loose-translator.html

The long-range possibilities are staggering. Since most of the Japanese styles can be packed flatly, elaborate closet facilities could become unnecessary. And perhaps some day, a person will have to carry only a toothbrush and some books when visiting a friend for the weekend; the friend will have a supply of easily stored clothes for borrowing.
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 14 Aug 2011, 03:35
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Some words can be used as both adjectives and adverbs; flat is one among them. A few more are late, fast, hard, close deep etc. These do not need to be suffixed with the 'ly' tag to denote that they are adverbs.

The test is to find the answer for these question, - packed when, packed where, packed how and some such. If the word could answer any one of the questions, then it is an adverb, since adverbs denote time, manner, place etc.
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 11 Mar 2011, 16:42
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I'm not an expert on noun and verb modifiers. I myself have chosen to not give importance to that topic because I never understood it in detail. Still, I"ll try to answer your question based on my understanding.

In this question, b is the right answer. Flat describes the noun clothing, hence is an adjective, implying that flatly is wrong. We can rule our A, C and E based on this rule. Between b and d, I chose b since it was structurally a better constructed sentence.

Now, coming to noun modifiers - my understanding: phrases that modufy nouns are called noun modiefiers. Adjectives are noun modifiers too.
Eg. 1.The grey cat crossed the road. Grey is the noun modifier here(also an adjective,incidentally)
2.The teacher who taught us Physics last year has invited us to join her Physics club. who taught us Physics is the noun modiefier here. Noun modifiers are placed close to the noun that they modify

Verb Modifiers - my understanding: modifies verbs and answers questions such as 'when', 'how', where' etc. Adverbs fall into this category.
Eg.Everyday, I buy a sandwich at this Deli. Here everyday is a verb modifier that modifies buy. Verb modifiers need not be places close to the verb that they modify

Hope that helps.

NOTE - Any SC expert out herE? Let me know if my understaning is correct in this case.
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 22 Sep 2019, 03:52
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nakib77
In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed flatly, and so it was not necessary to have elaborate closet facilities.

(A) flatly, and so it was not necessary to have elaborate closet facilities
(B) flat, and so elaborate closet facilities were unnecessary
(C) flatly, and so there was no necessity for elaborate closet facilities
(D) flat, there being no necessity for elaborate closet facilities
(E) flatly, as no elaborate closet facilities were necessary

SC74561.01

Show Spoiler
https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/30/magazine/fashion-loose-translator.html

The long-range possibilities are staggering. Since most of the Japanese styles can be packed flatly, elaborate closet facilities could become unnecessary. And perhaps some day, a person will have to carry only a toothbrush and some books when visiting a friend for the weekend; the friend will have a supply of easily stored clothes for borrowing.
Show more

Official Explanation

Diction; Rhetorical construction

Although the word flat is a standard adjectival form, it functions in this context as the more appropriate adverb, indicating the manner of packing clothing. That is, stated correctly, the clothing would be packed flat.

Note, however, that the adverb flatly is correctly used in different contexts, such as he flatly denied it.

A. This choice incorrectly uses the adverb flatly. Furthermore, the phrase it was not necessary is unnecessarily wordy.

B. Correct. This choice correctly uses the adverb flat and implies that the flat-packing of clothing led to the absence of closet facilities.

C. This choice incorrectly uses the adverb flatly. Furthermore, there was no necessity for is unnecessarily wordy; it would be better stated were unnecessary, as in choice B.

D. This choice incorrectly implies that clothing could be packed flat because closet facilities were unnecessary. Rather, the correct answer must imply that the flat-packing of clothing made closet facilities unnecessary.

E. This choice incorrectly uses the adverb flatly. It also incorrectly implies that clothing could be packed flat because closet facilities were unnecessary.

The correct answer is B.
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 04 Nov 2022, 03:26
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Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
nakib77
In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed flatly, and so it was not necessary to have elaborate closet facilities.

(A) flatly, and so it was not necessary to have elaborate closet facilities
(B) flat, and so elaborate closet facilities were unnecessary
(C) flatly, and so there was no necessity for elaborate closet facilities
(D) flat, there being no necessity for elaborate closet facilities
(E) flatly, as no elaborate closet facilities were necessary

Show more

Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of this sentence is that since in the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed flat elaborate closet facilities were unnecessary.

Concepts tested here: Meaning + Redundancy/Awkwardness

• “being” is only to be used when it is part of a noun phrase or represents the passive continuous verb tense; the use of passive continuous must be justified in the context.

A: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase “packed flatly”; the use of the adverb “flatly” incorrectly implies that in the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed in a flat manner; the intended meaning is in the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed in a way that makes it physically flat. Further, Option A uses the needlessly wordy clause “it was not necessary to have elaborate closet facilities”, leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

B: Correct. This answer choice uses the phrase “packed flat”; the use of the adverb “flat” conveys the intended meaning – that in the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed in a way that makes it physically flat. Moreover, Option C uses the clause “elaborate closet facilities were unnecessary”; the construction of this phrase conveys the intended meaning – that since in the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed flat elaborate closet facilities were unnecessary. Further, Option C is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.

C: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase “packed flatly”; the use of the adverb “flatly” incorrectly implies that in the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed in a flat manner; the intended meaning is in the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed in a way that makes it physically flat. Further, Option C uses the needlessly wordy clause “there was no necessity for elaborate closet facilities”, leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

D: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase “there being no necessity for elaborate closet facilities”; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that because in a traditional Japanese household there is no necessity for elaborate closet facilities, most clothing could be packed flat; the intended meaning is that since in the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed flat elaborate closet facilities were unnecessary. Further, Option D uses the word “being”, rendering it awkward and needlessly wordy; please remember, “being” is only to be used when it is part of a noun phrase or represents the passive continuous verb tense.

E: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase “packed flatly”; the use of the adverb “flatly” incorrectly implies that in the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed in a flat manner; the intended meaning is in the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed in a way that makes it physically flat. Moreover, Option E further alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "as no elaborate closet facilities were necessary"; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that because in a traditional Japanese household there is no necessity for elaborate closet facilities, most clothing could be packed flat; the intended meaning is that since in the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed flat elaborate closet facilities were unnecessary.

Hence, B is the best answer choice.

Note: Please note that the usages of “flat” and flatly” as adverbs convey different meanings. When “flatly” is used as an adverb, it conveys that an action was done in a flat, meaning blunt or emotionless, manner; for example, “He flatly explained his decision.” When “flat” is used as an adverb, it conveys that an action was taken to make something physically flat; for example, “He lay flat on the floor.”

To understand the use of "Being" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):



All the best!
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 30 Nov 2005, 14:54
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B.

to me, flatly is not correct adverb. Flat is correct(irregular adverb where its not suffixed by -ly).

B is concise.

D. uses of "there being" is awkward
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 17 Jun 2007, 03:35
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nakib77
3. In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed flatly, and so it was not necessary to have elaborate closet facilities.
(A) flatly, and so it was not necessary to have elaborate closet facilities
(B) flat, and so elaborate closet facilities were unnecessary
(C) flatly, and so there was no necessity for elaborate closet facilities
(D) flat, there being no necessity for elaborate closet facilities
(E) flatly, as no elaborate closet facilities were necessary
Show more


packed is an adjective. flatly is an adverb. An adverb should be in front of an adjective.

Example:
a lovely dinner
NOT a dinner lovely

Therefore, ACE are wrong. BD are left. being is hardly ever correct on the GMAT.

B.
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 17 Jun 2007, 05:35
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nakib77
3. In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed flatly, and so it was not necessary to have elaborate closet facilities.
(A) flatly, and so it was not necessary to have elaborate closet facilities
(B) flat, and so elaborate closet facilities were unnecessary
(C) flatly, and so there was no necessity for elaborate closet facilities
(D) flat, there being no necessity for elaborate closet facilities
(E) flatly, as no elaborate closet facilities were necessary

packed is an adjective. flatly is an adverb. An adverb should be in front of an adjective.

Example:
a lovely dinner
NOT a dinner lovely

Therefore, ACE are wrong. BD are left. being is hardly ever correct on the GMAT.

B.
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"packed" is actually a verb in this case. Adverbs (in a context) such as "fast", "flat", "high" are used without "+ly"
E.g. -He runs fast (Incorrect: He runs fastly)
-Throw high (Incorrect: throw highly)
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 14 Aug 2011, 04:58
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daagh,

Thanks.. That serially solves the queries in head.. But raises another question..
I am sorry but have to ask this question..

So here the flat is adverb and acting as verb modifier or it is adjective and acting as noun modifier?
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 14 Aug 2011, 05:12
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Flat in this context, is an adverb modifying the verb packed; make bold to choose B as the answer.
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 30 Jan 2017, 19:02
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to my acknowledge, there can't be a "," before "and"
correct me if i'm wrong.
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 31 Jan 2017, 03:34
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YangYichen, it's fairly common to use a comma before "and." This happens all the time in lists. That usage is what we call the Oxford Comma, and while not everyone agrees on this usage, it's what the GMAT uses. (I'm also a fan!)

Correct: I like peanut butter, chocolate, and maple syrup.
Incorrect (according to me and the GMAT, but not to everyone): I like peanut butter, chocolate and maple syrup.

Another common situation in which we put a comma before "and" shows up in the original question. This is when we are using "and" to join two independent clauses:

I like peanut butter, and I put it on everything.
Clothing could be packed flat, so we didn't need elaborate closets.

Now if we don't have two clauses, you're right that we don't generally put a comma into the predicate of the sentence unless it's needed for clarity.

Correct: I like peanut butter and put it on everything. (There's no subject in the second part, so there's no new clause and no need for a comma. Note that in the sentence I just wrote, I follow the comma rule again! "There's no new clause" is a clause. :) )
Correct: Clothing could be packed flat and kept out of closets.

I hope this helps!
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed Updated on: 28 Dec 2017, 12:58
Originally posted by stne on 17 Jul 2017, 08:25.
Last edited by stne on 28 Dec 2017, 12:58, edited 1 time in total.
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whichscore
I am struggling with noun and verb modifiers, especially when it comes to adverbs and adjectives.
Could any one explain how to identify both modifiers ?
Here is an example with which i encounter problems :
In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed flatly, and so it
was not necessary to have elaborate closet facilities.
(A) flatly, and so it was not necessary to have elaborate closet facilities
(B) flat, and so elaborate closet facilities were unnecessary
(C) flatly, and so there was no necessity for elaborate closet facilities
(D) flat, there being no necessity for elaborate closet facilities
(E) flatly, as no elaborate closet facilities were necessary

What is "flatly" in this case ?
thx in advance !
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Though answer is B , I am not sure if a comma can be used before " AND ".
AND joins two independent clauses , and I read somewhere that a comma should not come before an AND.
and anybody confirm or deny this rule with some certainty?
Thank you, appreciate your contribution.
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 17 Jul 2017, 09:23
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stne

Though answer is B , I am not sure if a comma can be used before " AND ".
AND joins two independent clauses , and I read somewhere that a comma should not come before an AND.
and anybody confirm or deny this rule with come certainty?
Thank you, appreciate your contribution.
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I'm not sure where you saw that rule, but "and" is very, very frequently preceded with a comma -- both when "and" joins two independent clauses, and when "and" is part of a list of three or more items. Just flip through the official guide, and you'll find dozens of correct answers with "and" preceded by a comma.
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 17 Jul 2017, 10:11
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:arrow: :arrow: "flatly" is incorrect here because it is being used as an adverb. Flatly is modifying the verb - pack.

what we need here something that modifies the noun-clothing- and hence "flat" is appropriate. Options A, C and E are out.

Between B and D, option D is wordy- 'there being...".

Hence option B is short and conveys the message correctly that the clothing is packed "flat".

Correct answer is B. :arrow: :arrow: :arrow:
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 03 Oct 2019, 19:04
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I totally understand option B is right. But as I learned in Manhattan book, two FANBOYS cannot appear together. in this case, it is "and" and "so". Someone please clarifies me per this confusion?
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 03 Oct 2019, 19:34
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INSEADIESE
Was confused between A and B.. chose A

I have gone through a lot of responses mentioned on this page and most of them have option A as incorrect due to ambiguous usage of the pronoun *it*. Well, the pronoun *it* is a tricky one. It can be used as a place holder pronoun.. example :-

“It is raining outside” .. this sentence is absolutely okay.

had I been aware of these so called irregular adverbs, I would have been able to solve this question correctly.

Any comments experts???

GMATNinja egmat ??

Posted from my mobile device
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I think it is used as placeholder pronoun, but not sure why A is wrong. Please explain egmat GMATNinja VeritasKarishma
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 04 Oct 2019, 04:13
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Aviral1995
INSEADIESE
Was confused between A and B.. chose A

I have gone through a lot of responses mentioned on this page and most of them have option A as incorrect due to ambiguous usage of the pronoun *it*. Well, the pronoun *it* is a tricky one. It can be used as a place holder pronoun.. example :-

“It is raining outside” .. this sentence is absolutely okay.

had I been aware of these so called irregular adverbs, I would have been able to solve this question correctly.

Any comments experts???

GMATNinja egmat ??

Posted from my mobile device
I think it is used as placeholder pronoun, but not sure why A is wrong. Please explain egmat GMATNinja VeritasKarishma
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Yes, "it" can be used as a placeholder.
The correct adverb here is "flat", not "flatly". Though flatly is an adverb too but it means "absolutely" or "smooth" (e.g. He flatly refused.)
To show a flat state or position, the adverb "flat" is used.
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 07 Oct 2019, 10:19
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churuand
I totally understand option B is right. But as I learned in Manhattan book, two FANBOYS cannot appear together. in this case, it is "and" and "so". Someone please clarifies me per this confusion?
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"So" can be used as a conjunction, i.e.: "I was hungry, so I ate a 10-kilo bag of potato chips." (Mmm.. potato chips.)

But "so" can also be used as an adverb, as it is in this question. There are actually multiple ways to use "so" as an adverb, but in this case it basically means "thus" or "therefore": "Most clothing could be packed flat, and therefore elaborate closet facilities were unnecessary."

So (ha), we actually do not have two conjunctions in a row.

I hope this helps!
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In the traditional Japanese household, most clothing could be packed 03 Dec 2019, 21:24
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daagh
Some words can be used as both adjectives and adverbs; flat is one among them. A few more are late, fast, hard, close deep etc. These do not need to be suffixed with the 'ly' tag to denote that they are adverbs.

The test is to find the answer for these question, - packed when, packed where, packed how and some such. If the word could answer any one of the questions, then it is an adverb, since adverbs denote time, manner, place etc.
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Hello Daagh!

Concerning deep and close qithout -ly. Doesn´t one say "Watch closely!" or "They are deeply in love"?

Thanks for the clarification. :)
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GMATNinja
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