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In trying to increase their audiences, legitimacy, and support bases, arts institutions increasingly emulate purveyors of popular culture by using sophisticated marketing techniques. Some commentators argue that if the arts have something unique and vital to offer, given their nonprofit status and their orientation as a public good, then it is important not only to arts communities but also to society that this trend be reversed so that the unique qualities of the arts are retained and made available to all. Others argue that no real qualitative differences exist between the arts and popular culture, so the arts should fight for their survival in the marketplace, along with popular culture products and institutions.

Although the boundaries between the arts and popular culture appear porous, the two rest on entirely different economic models. Popular culture has been market-based and profit-oriented since the late nineteenth century; the arts have functioned in the nonprofit arena-which indicates that the arts serve a larger social purpose. If this larger social purpose is not being fulfilled-whether because of insufficient corporate and patron funding or because of failures by the arts to demonstrate their value to legislators and to the public-arts institutions will find themselves attempting to attract participation and interest by imitating, and competing with, popular culture.

Given the case made in the passage concerning the larger social purpose served by the arts, which of the following would the author be LEAST likely to regard as an instance of the arts fulfilling that purpose?

A. A new film that embodies innovative cinematic techniques and was highly praised by eminent reviewers earns gross revenue that significantly exceeds the total production costs.
B. As part of a branding campaign, portraits of a company's founders are commissioned by the company for placement in the entrance lobby of the company's headquarters.
C. An educational foundation sponsors a program to have songwriters visit schools and work with children to show them how to write their own songs.
D. A nation's most revered poet writes a series of poems to celebrate the nation's commitment to diversity and equality.
E. A government initiates a scheme to award tax-free stipends that will allow promising artists, musicians, and writers to pursue their creative endeavors.



The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. explain the ways in which various marketing approaches affect what is produced by the arts
B. recommend a particular marketing approach in order to increase funding for the arts
C. argue that a type of marketing recently used for the arts may clash with an older conception of their value and social purpose
D. compare the marketing techniques of the arts with those of popular culture
E. explore the way in which the societal functions of the arts have evolved since the nineteenth century



Which of the following would, if true, most strengthen the argument attributed by the highlighted phrase?

A. Marketing the arts with the same techniques currently used to market popular culture does not necessarily undermine the uniqueness of artistic products.
B. One consequence of the goal of maximizing sales, inherent in popular-culture marketing techniques, is frequently a certain homogenization of what is marketed.
C. If use of sophisticated marketing techniques would help make most arts events profitable, the arts would not necessarily be abandoning their societal mission.
D. It is generally agreed that communities that foster the arts can derive significant economic benefits from doing so.
E. The arts can thrive while preserving their core values if they strive to compete directly with popular culture.



In Question 2, the primary purpose of the passage -

The passage is not arguing about the marketing techniques, right? It is only discussing or commenting about it. I felt "Argue" word seems too harsh to select that option.

KarishmaB , could you please comment on how to avoid eliminating this option looking at "argue" in the options?

Thank you!
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SergejK
In trying to increase their audiences, legitimacy, and support bases, arts institutions increasingly emulate purveyors of popular culture by using sophisticated marketing techniques. Some commentators argue that if the arts have something unique and vital to offer, given their nonprofit status and their orientation as a public good, then it is important not only to arts communities but also to society that this trend be reversed so that the unique qualities of the arts are retained and made available to all. Others argue that no real qualitative differences exist between the arts and popular culture, so the arts should fight for their survival in the marketplace, along with popular culture products and institutions.

Although the boundaries between the arts and popular culture appear porous, the two rest on entirely different economic models. Popular culture has been market-based and profit-oriented since the late nineteenth century; the arts have functioned in the nonprofit arena-which indicates that the arts serve a larger social purpose. If this larger social purpose is not being fulfilled-whether because of insufficient corporate and patron funding or because of failures by the arts to demonstrate their value to legislators and to the public-arts institutions will find themselves attempting to attract participation and interest by imitating, and competing with, popular culture.

Given the case made in the passage concerning the larger social purpose served by the arts, which of the following would the author be LEAST likely to regard as an instance of the arts fulfilling that purpose?

A. A new film that embodies innovative cinematic techniques and was highly praised by eminent reviewers earns gross revenue that significantly exceeds the total production costs.
B. As part of a branding campaign, portraits of a company's founders are commissioned by the company for placement in the entrance lobby of the company's headquarters.
C. An educational foundation sponsors a program to have songwriters visit schools and work with children to show them how to write their own songs.
D. A nation's most revered poet writes a series of poems to celebrate the nation's commitment to diversity and equality.
E. A government initiates a scheme to award tax-free stipends that will allow promising artists, musicians, and writers to pursue their creative endeavors.



The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. explain the ways in which various marketing approaches affect what is produced by the arts
B. recommend a particular marketing approach in order to increase funding for the arts
C. argue that a type of marketing recently used for the arts may clash with an older conception of their value and social purpose
D. compare the marketing techniques of the arts with those of popular culture
E. explore the way in which the societal functions of the arts have evolved since the nineteenth century



Which of the following would, if true, most strengthen the argument attributed by the highlighted phrase?

A. Marketing the arts with the same techniques currently used to market popular culture does not necessarily undermine the uniqueness of artistic products.
B. One consequence of the goal of maximizing sales, inherent in popular-culture marketing techniques, is frequently a certain homogenization of what is marketed.
C. If use of sophisticated marketing techniques would help make most arts events profitable, the arts would not necessarily be abandoning their societal mission.
D. It is generally agreed that communities that foster the arts can derive significant economic benefits from doing so.
E. The arts can thrive while preserving their core values if they strive to compete directly with popular culture.



In Question 2, the primary purpose of the passage -

The passage is not arguing about the marketing techniques, right? It is only discussing or commenting about it. I felt "Argue" word seems too harsh to select that option.

KarishmaB , could you please comment on how to avoid eliminating this option looking at "argue" in the options?

Thank you!


The word "argue" has multiple meanings but in formal academic usage, it pretty much means "present points in favour or against".
He argued in favour of ....
She argued against ...

It doesn't mean he was being unpleasant.
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