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+1 for A.

(A) as much as thrice that consumed in Japan --> "as much as thrice" is much concise and not wordy unlike "up to triple the amount" , "up to three times" , also the first part of sentence "....in America" should be parallel to latter part "...in Japan" unlike in other options "Japan’s consumption", and "Japanese consumed".

(B) as much as thrice that of Japan’s consumption

(C) up to three times of Japan’s consumption

(D) up to three times what Japanese consumed

(E) up to triple the amount the Japanese consumed

Hence, A.
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+1 for A

"that" functions as a pronoun here. "that" = "the amount of food consumed per person"
Plugging this into the original:

Many fear the epidemic of obesity in America;
the amount of food consumed per person in America is as much as thrice the amount of food consumed per person consumed in Japan.

^this works and maintains parallelism as well.
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Bunuel
Many fear the epidemic of obesity in America; the amount of food consumed per person in America is as much as thrice that consumed in Japan.


(A) as much as thrice that consumed in Japan

(B) as much as thrice that of Japan’s consumption

(C) up to three times of Japan’s consumption

(D) up to three times what Japanese consumed

(E) up to triple the amount the Japanese consumed

MANHATTAN REVIEW OFFICIAL EXPLANATION:



Up to three times of’ in C is idiomatically incorrect. The use of the past tense in D and E is incorrect. The sentence is referring to the present. Do not be confused by the use of the word ‘consumed’ in option A. This is not a use of the past tense. Rather it is a reduced relative clause. You could say ‘that which is consumed’. In this way option A can be seen to be using the passive voice, present tense. That
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Though option A is the best among the lot, It is not free from errors. The pronoun THAT refers to 'amount of food consumed per person'.
Plugging it in the sentence, we get - 'the amount of food consumed per person in America is as much as thrice the amount of food consumed per person consumed in Japan.'
Consumed per person consumed doesn't make sense
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On top of other reasons, I removed option D and E because it compares ' the amount of food consumed per person of Japanese', and any Japanese can be in America so it's not a clear comparison.

is the reason above correct?
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