Mayor: The financial livelihood of our downtown businesses is in jeopardy. There are few available parking spaces close to the downtown shopping area, so if we are to spur economic growth in our city, we must build a large parking ramp no more than two blocks from downtown.The mayor's conclusion is the following:
if we are to spur economic growth in our city, we must build a large parking ramp no more than two blocks from downtownNotice that the keyword "must" indicates that the mayor's point is that construction of a large parking ramp no more than two blocks from downtown is
necessary for spurring economic growth.
The support for the conclusion is the following:
There are few available parking spaces close to the downtown shopping areaWe see that the reasoning is basically that since, presumably, parking spaces are necessary for "the financial livelihood of our downtown businesses" and since "there are few available parking spaces close to the downtown shopping area," creating parking spaces through building a large parking ramp no more than two blocks from downtown is necessary for economic growth.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the mayor's reasoning?This is Weaken question, and the correct answer will somehow weaken the support provided by the premise or cast doubt on the conclusion.
(A) The city budget is not currently large enough to finance the construction of a new parking ramp.This choice weakens the case for the wrong conclusion.
The conclusion the correct answer must cast doubt on is that they "must" build a new parking ramp.
This choice casts doubt on the conclusion that they
can finance the construction of a new parking ramp.
So, this choice has no effect on the case for the conclusion since information on whether they can finance the construction of a new parking ramp has no effect on the case for the necessity of a new ramp. In other words, a new ramp may be necessary regardless of whether they can construct one.
Eliminate.
(B) There are other more significant reasons for the financial woes of downtown businesses in addition to a lack of nearby parking spaces.This choice is tricky because it indicates that construction of a parking ramp likely won't be sufficient for the city to achieve economic growth. So, if we aren't clear about exactly what the conclusion of the argument is, we may be tempted to choose this choice.
So, what's wrong with this choice?
The issue with this choice is that the conclusion is not that construction of a parking ramp will be be
sufficient for the city to achieve economic growth. The conclusion is that the city
must construct a parking ramp to achieve economic growth. In other words, the point is that a parking ramp is
necessary for economic growth.
Even if there are other reasons for the financial woes, a parking ramp may be necessary for economic growth. Sure, other things may also be necessary for growth. Still, a parking ramp could be one of the things necessary for growth.
So, the fact that there are other reasons for the financial woes doesn't weaken the case for the conclusion that a parking ramp is necessary.
Takeaway: We need to be careful not to choose a choice just because it mentions an alternative cause of an effect or an alternative reason for a problem. While, in many cases, a choice that brings up an alternative cause weakens an argument, we always have to consider the specifics of the argument and conclusion we're dealing with when choosing an answer.
Eliminate.
(C) Building a parking ramp as much as four blocks from downtown would be sufficient to greatly increase the number of shoppers to downtown businesses.This choice is interesting.
The reasoning of the argument is that, since there are few parking spaces, they "must" build a large parking ramp "no more than two blocks from downtown."
So, if this choice is true, and "a parking ramp as much as four blocks from downtown would be sufficient to greatly increase the number of shoppers to downtown businesses," we have a reason to doubt the conclusion.
After all, if a parking ramp "four blocks from downtown" would be sufficient to greatly increase the number of shoppers, then a ramp "no more than two blocks from downtown" may not be necessary.
So, this choice indicates that, even though there are few available spaces, it may not be necessary to build a ramp no more than two blocks from downtown.
Thus, this choice weakens the argument.
Keep.
(D) Explosive growth is most often associated with large suburban shopping malls, not small businesses.We can eliminate this choice by noticing that the conclusion is not that, by constructing a parking ramp, they will achieve "explosive growth." Rather, the point of the argument is that, to achieve any economic growth, they need a parking ramp.
Since they may need a parking ramp regardless of whether constructing one would result in explosive growth, this choice has no effect on strength of the argument.
Eliminate.
(E) Some additional parking spaces could be added to the downtown area without the construction of a parking ramp.For me, this choice is a little hard to eliminate. After all, if they can add parking spaces without construction of a parking ramp, then maybe they don't need to build one.
At the same time, since (C) clearly means that "a large parking ramp no more than two blocks from downtown" is not necessary, we can confidently choose (C) over this choice.
After all, the fact that "some" spaces could be added without construction of a large parking ramp does not clearly indicate that such a ramp is not necessary. "Some" spaces could be just a few more spaces.
I personally don't really like the fact that this question includes this choice because adding "some" spaces could be enough to solve the problem without "a large parking ramp," but the question is still gettable because what this choice means about the situation is unclear and (C) is such a clearly correct answer.
Eliminate.
Correct answer: C