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The next set of medium/hard DS questions. I'll post OA's with detailed explanations after some discussion. Please, post your solutions along with the answers.
1. What is the product of three consecutive integers?
(1) At least one of the integers is positive (2) The sum of the integers is less than 6
4. Two machines, A and B, each working at a constant rate, can complete a certain task working together in 6 days. In how many days, working alone, can machine A complete the task?
(1) The average time A and B can complete the task working alone is 12.5 days. (2) It would take machine A 5 more days to complete the task alone than it would take for machine B to complete the task
5. Set A={3-2x, 3-x, 3, 3+x, 3+2x}, where x is an integer. Is the standard deviation of set A more than the standard deviation of set B={3-2x, 3-x, 3, 3+x, 3+2x, y}
(1) The standard deviation of set A is positive (2) y=3
6. The ratio of the number of employees of three companies X, Y and Z is 3:4:8, respectively. Is the average age of all employees in these companies less than 40 years?
(1) The total age of all the employees in these companies is 600 (2) The average age of employees in X, Y, and Z, is 40, 20, and 50, respectively.
7. Was the average (arithmetic mean) temperature in city A in March less than the average (arithmetic mean) temperature in city B in March?
(1) The median temperature in City A in March was less than the median temperature in city B (2) The ratio of the average temperatures in A and B in March was 3 to 4, respectively
8. Two marbles are drawn from a jar with 10 marbles. If all marbles are either red of blue, is the probability that both marbles selected will be red greater than 3/5?
(1) The probability that both marbles selected will be blue is less than 1/10 (2) At least 60% of the marbles in the jar are red
6. The ratio of the number of employees of three companies X, Y and Z is 3:4:8, respectively. Is the average age of all employees in these companies less than 40 years?
(1) The total age of all the employees in these companies is 600 (2) The average age of employees in X, Y, and Z, is 40, 20, and 50, respectively.
My answer B
Let the number of employees in X,Y,Z be 3p,4p,8p.
Stmt 1: Total age of all the employees = 600. Avg age of all the employees = 600/(15p) = 40/p. Hence avg age is<= 40. It will be equal to 40 when p=1 and for integer values of p its less than 40. Hence insufficient.
stmt 2: total age of X= 120p, of Y = 80p and of Z= 400p. total age of x,y and Z= 600P. Avg age = 600p/(15p) =40 . Hence its not less than 40. Hence sufficient.
7. Was the average (arithmetic mean) temperature in city A in March less than the average (arithmetic mean) temperature in city B in March?
(1) The median temperature in City A in March was less than the median temperature in city B (2) The ratio of the average temperatures in A and B in March was 3 to 4, respectively
My answer is B
Stmt 1 is clearly insufficient. From statement 2 since ratio of avg temp A to B is less than 1.(3/4) Avg temp of A is less than avg temp of B. Sufficient.
Q3. St1: ABC is isoceles traingle. We dont know which 2 sides are equal or nor do we know any of the angles measures. Hence insufficient.
St2: AC^2 = AB^2 + BC^2 This implies Tr.ABC is a RIGHT ANGLED TRAINGLE at Point B But we dont know the ratio of length of remaining 2 sides hence INSUFFICIENT
Together: we know Angle B = 90 degree and ABC is isoceles traingle (thus AB = AC) With this information. we can calculate the length of side AC. each of traingle ABD and BCD are 45-45-90 triangles with sides in the ratio 1:1:root2 since 1 corresponds to 12, AC = 2 * 12 = 24
A+B in 1 day = 1/6 work A in 1 day = 1/a work or A takes 'a' days to finish the work alone B in 1 day does 1/6 - 1/a work = (a-6) / 6a B takes '6a/(a-6)' days to finish the job working alone.
ST1: Average (a, 6a/(a-6)) = 12.5 a^2 - 25a + 150 = 0 a = 10 or a = 15 Insufficient
St2: A takes 'a' days to finish working alone B takes 'a-5' days to finish working alone average (a, a-5) = 12.5 a = 15 therefore A can finish the job in 15 days working alone and B can finish it in 10 days working alone. Hence sufficient
(1) No number in set A is less than the average (arithmetic mean) of set A. (2) The average (arithmetic mean) of set A is equal to the range of set A.
My answer E
Stmt 1: Since no number is less than average all the numbers must be equal to average. all the numbers in the set are equal. But we dont know the number. hence insufficient.
Stmt 2: Set A (1,2,3) range and avg =2. median is 2 as well. But in set (1,4,4) avg & range = 3 and median =4 . Clearly insufficient.
combining , the set can be of all 0s or 1 or 2 or 2.5 or any other number. Hence insufficient.
4. Two machines, A and B, each working at a constant rate, can complete a certain task working together in 6 days. In how many days, working alone, can machine A complete the task?
\((\frac{1}{A}+\frac{1}{B})*6=1\)
(1) The average time A and B can complete the task working alone is 12.5 days. A+B=25, from statement above we get that \((\frac{B+A}{AB})*6=1\) so \(6(A+B)=AB\) , \(6*25=AB\), in this case many combination could work (6,25) (3,50) ... Not Sufficient
(2) It would take machine A 5 more days to complete the task alone than it would take for machine B to complete the task A-B=5, \((\frac{1}{A}+\frac{1}{A-5})*6=1\) so \((2A-5)*6=A(A-5)\) and we find that \(A^2-17A+30=0\) A=15 or A=2, but since A-B=5 A cannot be 2 (because otherwise the time B would be negative). From 2 => A=15 Sufficient IMO B
_________________
It is beyond a doubt that all our knowledge that begins with experience.
Q5. St1: SD of A > 0 implies X <> 0. No information about Y in set B hence insufficient
St2: y = 3 average of Set A = 3, y = 3 implies y = mean of set A Adding a term = mean of the set will lower the sd of new set. if sd of A = 0 or all terms = 3, then sd of A will be equal to sd of B but if sd of A is positive (i.e. x <>0), then sd of A will be different from sd of B not sufficient
Together:if sd of A > 0 and y = 3 sd of A > sd of B hence sufficient to answer the question
St1: Sum of all ages in 3 companies = 600 we dont know anything about the distribution of ages or how many employees are there if # employees in X Y and Z are 3, 4 and 8 then 600 / 15 = 40 (Not LEss than 40) But if # employees in X Y and Z are 6, 8 and 16 then 600 / 30 = 4 years (LEss than 40) hence INSUFFICIENT
St2: avg age of employee ratio = 40 : 20: 50 let emp in X be 3x let emp in y be 4x let emp in z be 8x Total emp = 15x
Weighted average Age = 40 * 3x + 20 * 4x + 50 * 8x / 15x => x = 40 thus average age of all employees in 3 companies is NOT lESS tHAN 40 sufficient to answer
Q1) What is the product of three consecutive integers?
From Stmt 1, one of the three consecutive numbers is > 0 - Not Sufficient
n, n+1, n+2 are 3 consecutive numbers and either n > 0 or n+1 > 0 or n+2 > 0. n*(n+1)*(n+2) will have more than 1 value From Stmt 2, sum of the 3 integers is less than 6 - Not Sufficient
n + n+1 + n+2 < 6 results in n < 1, so n can be 0, and any negative numbers. n*(n+1)*(n+2) will have more than 1 value
Combining Stmt 1 and Stmt 2 - Not Sufficient
n can be 0, -1 and n*(n+1)*(n+2) will have more than 1 value
St1: median temp in A < median temp in B case 1: Temp in A for 3 days = 1 - 1 - 10 (mean = 4, median = 1) Temp in B for 3 days = 2 - 2 - 2 (mean = 2, median = 2) MEAN of A > MEAN of B
Case 2:Temp in A for 3 days = 1 - 1 - 2 (mean = 4/3, median = 1) Temp in B for 3 days = 2 - 2 - 2 (mean = 2, median = 2) MEAN of A < MEAN of B hence insufficient
St2: Ratio of avg March temp in A : Ratio of avg March temp in B = 3:4 clearly implies Avg Temp of A for March < Avg temp of B for MArch Sufficient
5. Set A={3-2x, 3-x, 3, 3+x, 3+2x}, where x is an integer. Is the standard deviation of set A more than the standard deviation of set B={3-2x, 3-x, 3, 3+x, 3+2x, y}
(1) The standard deviation of set A is positive (2) y=3
My answer C
SD of A = 2*x^2. and of B = (10*x^2 +(3-y)^2)/6. we need to check if SD(A)-SD(B)>0
Stmt 1: from this we know that x^2>=1. But not the value of Y. SD(A)-SD(B)= .34*x^2-((3-y)^2)/6. We dont know the values of X or Y. hence cant decide.
Stmt 2: Y =3. hence SD(B)=1.66*x^2. Hence SD(A)-SD(B)=.34*x^2>=0. 0 for x=0. Hence insufficient.
Combining We know X^2>=1 and Y=3 hence SD(A)>SD(B). Sufficient.
Q9: Is x^2 > 2x or x(x-2)>0 we need to know whether x > 2 or X < 0
St1: x = prime number if x = 2, above condition is not satisfied for any other prime number (3,5,7 ... ) the above condition IS satisfied hence insufficient
ST2: x^2 = mult of 9 for x = 0, x^2 = mult. of 9 (as 0 is a multiple of any integer). X does not satify the main question though (whether x > 2 or X < 0) for x = 3, x^2 = mult of 9 and IT DOES SATISFY the above condition (whether x > 2 or X < 0 ) hence insufficient
Together, sufficient only value that satifies this is 3. hence C
St1: No number is less than average IMPLIES ALL the TERMS IN SET A ARE EQUAL but A can be: {0,0,0} or {1,1,1} or {2,2,2} hence we cannot say what the median will be as it could be 0, 1 or 2 for the above 3 sets INSUFFICIENT
St2: average = range of set A case A: set = {1,2,3} both mean and range = 2 and median = 2 case B: set = {0,0,0} both mean and range = 0 and median is also 0 in this case hence insufficient
together only set that will satify is when all the elements of set A = 0 Only in that case all elements are 0, average = 0, range = 0 and median = 0 Sufficient
Q3) The length of the median BD in triangle ABC is 12 centimeters, what is the length of side AC? From Stmt 1, ABC is a isosceles triangle - Not Sufficient AB = BC or BC = AC or AB = AC, so AC length cannot be determined from median BD = 12 cm.
From Stmt 2, AC^2 = AB^2 + BC^2 - Sufficient <B = 90 and AC is the hypotenuse, so BD is the median to the hypotenuse. Using right angle isosceles triangle properties BD = AD = CD AC = AD + CD = 2*BD = 24 cm. Answer is B _________________
(1) x is a prime number. (2) x^2 is a multiple of 9.
The question stem asks whether x(x-2)>0 --> x>2 OR x<0. From F.S 1, for x=2, we have a NO. For x=3, we have a YES. Insufficient. From F.S 2, for x=0, we have a NO. For x=-3, we have a YES. Insufficient.
Taking both together, we know that x =3 and get a YES. Sufficient.
1. What is the product of three consecutive integers?
(1) At least one of the integers is positive (2) The sum of the integers is less than 6
From F.S 1, for {-1,0,1} the product is 0. For {2,3,4} the product is 24. Insufficient.
From F.S 2, for {-1,0,1} the product is 0. For {-3,-2,-1} the product is-6. Insufficient.
If both are taken together, the fact that atleast one integer is positive makes it mandatory to choose integers starting from -1.If we choose -2, the last integer would be a 0, which is not positive. Thus, the only sets we could have are {-1,0,1} or {0,1,2} ; in both cases the product is 0. Sufficient.
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