SituationObservation:✔ Reporters often write clever headlines for their own stories.
✔ These headlines are clever because they refer to little-known information.
✔ The problem: This little-known information is not explicitly mentioned in the stories themselves.
Issue:✔ Readers might not understand or appreciate these headlines since they don’t have access to the little-known information that makes them clever.
Reasoning1- Conclusion of the Argument:✔ Newspaper editors should not allow reporters to write headlines for their own stories.
2- Explicit Premise (stated reasoning):✔ Reporters’ headlines are clever only because they refer to little-known information that does not appear in the stories.
3- Gap in the Argument:✔ The premise explains that reporters’ headlines rely on inaccessible information, but it does not explain why this is a problem.
To strengthen the argument, we need:✔ A reason why headlines alluding to little-known information are problematic.
✔ An explanation of how this practice negatively affects readers, the newspaper’s purpose, or overall communication.
Option AThe reporter who writes a story is usually better placed than the reporter's editor to judge what the story's most newsworthy features are.Evaluation:This weakens the argument because it implies that reporters are better equipped than editors to understand their stories and, therefore, might be better suited to write the headlines.
Why it’s incorrect: The argument seeks to support why reporters should not write their own headlines, but this option suggests the opposite—that reporters might be the best choice for the task.
Weakens the argument by suggesting reporters are better suited to write headlines.Option BTo write a headline that is clever, a person must have sufficient understanding of the story that the headline accompanies.Evaluation:This does not directly address
why reporters’ headlines relying on little-known information
are problematic. It simply states that understanding the story is necessary to write a clever headline.
Why it’s incorrect: The issue is not whether reporters understand the story, but whether their headlines effectively communicate to the audience. This option does not advance the argument about why reporters shouldn’t write their own headlines.
Irrelevant to the issue of why reporters’ headlines are problematic. Option CMost reporters rarely bother to find out how other reporters have written stories and headlines about the same events that they themselves have covered.Evaluation:This might explain why reporters don’t improve their headline-writing skills but doesn’t strengthen the argument against allowing reporters to write their own headlines.
Why it’s incorrect: The argument isn’t about reporters’ skill levels or professional habits but about the effect of headlines on readers. This option does not provide additional support for the argument's conclusion.
Explains reporters’ habits but does not strengthen the argument against them writing headlines. Option DFor virtually any story that a reporter writes, there are at least a few people who know more about the story's subject matter than does the reporter.Evaluation:This weakens the argument slightly because it suggests that some readers (those with more knowledge than the reporter) might understand the clever allusions in a headline. If some readers can understand these headlines, the argument that such headlines are ineffective becomes weaker.
Why it’s incorrect: Instead of supporting the conclusion, this option provides a reason to believe that some clever headlines do achieve their intended effect.
Slightly weakens the argument by suggesting some readers might understand clever headlines. Option EThe kind of headlines that newspaper editors want are those that anyone who has read a reporter's story in its entirety will recognize as clever.Evaluation:This directly supports the argument by aligning the editors’ goals with the argument’s premise. If editors prioritize headlines that readers can understand and appreciate, and reporters’ headlines fail to meet this criterion, then editors have a clear reason to disallow reporters from writing their own headlines.
Why it’s correct: It ties the premise (that reporters’ headlines are often not understood by readers) to the conclusion (that editors should not let reporters write their own headlines), making it the best choice
Correctly supports the argument by connecting the premise about reader comprehension to the conclusion about editorial control.