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So, among options after first Clause it is/ they pronoun are been used. Let's see what the clause states, ____ is then used to program a company-wide balance sheet. Reports can't be used to program its a machine thing or specifically a computer thing, so the pronoun antecedent here is computer(singular) not reports(plural), so A,C and E are automatically eliminated.

--------------

Thank you but I have doubt for the bolded part reasoning, just as someone pointed out in this conversation...

I would use the computer to program a consolidated BS but I would also use financial reports to do so... and I could program a consolidated BS even without a computer but with financial reports of the company's subsidiaries, couldn't I (How people in 1960s did so if doing so required a computer, which was not available then)?
So eliminating A, C, and E just because they have "they" is not a right way for me...

What about "named such"? Why is it wrong? Only because it is a wrong idiom?

Yes you can use reports to generate balance sheet but the key word is program here, how can you program the balace sheet in printed paper? You must be needing any gadget to program it. The antecedent of it/they are two in first clause, either computer or reports.
If it was given, ____ is then used to make company wide balance sheet, then the sentence would have become ambiguous. We know the programming is done through any technological gadget hence it has to signifies computer as reports (printed papers) can't program.

Answering to the other part, there is no such difference between two, "So named Because", is an active voice because it acted on verb demonstrates first handedly.

"Named such because" Is a passive voice because it's already been named because it demonstrates something.

Active voice is preferred over passive voice but you don't actually have to indulge in the difference till you have other error spots to locate on. Because none of the two idiom is wrong, it might create confusion at the D-Day, so it's better to check for other errors.

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VeritasKarishma

Hi Karishma,

I think "it" and "they" are both possible in this sentence
Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, they (financial reports) are then used to program a company-wide balance sheet
Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, it (computer) is then used to program a company-wide balance sheet
You can literally use financial reports to program a balance sheet (you can use the report inputs etc.), also, you can use a computer to program a balance sheet (basically programming a model etc.)
Secondly, what makes "so named" right but "named such" wrong?
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VeritasKarishma

Hi Karishma,

I think "it" and "they" are both possible in this sentence
Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, they (financial reports) are then used to program a company-wide balance sheet
Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, it (computer) is then used to program a company-wide balance sheet
You can literally use financial reports to program a balance sheet (you can use the report inputs etc.), also, you can use a computer to program a balance sheet (basically programming a model etc.)
Secondly, what makes "so named" right but "named such" wrong?

I have taken this question in detail here:
https://www.gmatclub.com/forum/veritas-prep-resource-links-no-longer-available-399979.html#/2014/1 ... -sc-myths/
The post discusses why "it" makes sense.

"so named" is the correct idiomatic usage.
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gloomybison
VeritasKarishma

Hi Karishma,

I think "it" and "they" are both possible in this sentence
Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, they (financial reports) are then used to program a company-wide balance sheet
Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, it (computer) is then used to program a company-wide balance sheet
You can literally use financial reports to program a balance sheet (you can use the report inputs etc.), also, you can use a computer to program a balance sheet (basically programming a model etc.)
Secondly, what makes "so named" right but "named such" wrong?

Hello gloomybison,

We hope this finds you well.

Having gone through the question and your query, we believe we can help resolve your doubt.

First, as mentioned by VeritasKarishma, "so named" is the correct idiomatic construction.

Further, to resolve the pronoun issue one must keep in mind that on GMAT the most literal meaning of a sentence takes precedence. From a literal perspective, a computer is a tool used to program something. To say that "reports" are used to program something, meaning something is programmed on the basis of information the reports contain, is a more figurative meaning.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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Once the computer generates the financial reports, they are then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, so named because it demonstrates that every department’s accounting elements are in balance.


A. Once the computer generates the financial reports, they are then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, so named because it demonstrates that every department’s accounting elements balance.
B. Once the computer generates the financial reports, it is then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, named such because it demonstrated the balance of every department’s accounting elements.
C. Once the computer generates the financial reports they are then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, which demonstrates the balance of every department’s accounting elements.
D. Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, it is then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, so named because it demonstrates the balance of every department’s accounting elements.
E. Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, they are then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, named such because it demonstrates that every department’s accounting elements are in balance.

Responding to a pm:

Note that (A), (C) and (E) are wrong in their usage of 'they'.
'financial reports' cannot program a balance sheet and hence the pronoun used must refer back to the computer. Hence, we need to use 'it'.
In (B) and (D), we use 'it' (singular) which refers back to the computer (singular). It cannot refer back to financial reports (plural) and hence there is no ambiguity in pronoun-antecedent connection.

The problem with (B) is 'named such...'. The correct construct is 'so named ...'
We do prefer active over passive but that has no role to play here. Sentences in passive are not incorrect. It is just a preference we have for active because it is stronger. If there is an error in the sentence that uses active voice and the sentence using passive voice is error-free, you must choose the sentence using passive voice.

Hi KarishmaB,

There is also a pronoun ambiguity issue in choice B. The pronoun 'it' refers to both 'the computer' and 'a balance-sheet'. So would you please share your thinking process of choosing B instead of D over this issue?

Thanks
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hey,

in option D
'Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, it is then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, so named because it demonstrates the balance of every department???s accounting elements.'

'it' pronoun is used at two places : the first one is used for computers, but the second one is used for a balance sheet. Does this kind of usage do not signify pronoun ambiguity error?

Thanks in advance.
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Prtkmjn
hey,

in option D
'Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, it is then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, so named because it demonstrates the balance of every department???s accounting elements.'

'it' pronoun is used at two places : the first one is used for computers, but the second one is used for a balance sheet. Does this kind of usage do not signify pronoun ambiguity error?

Thanks in advance.

Hello Prtkmjn,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, you are actually correct here; Option D does suffer from a pronoun error, and a correct answer choice on the GMAT is very unlikely to have two referents for a single pronoun.

However, in this case, Option D is still the best answer choice because the other four have bigger and more unambiguous errors. Remember, on the GMAT, you have to look for the best among the given answer choices, not a hypothetical "perfect" answer choice.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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KarishmaB
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Once the computer generates the financial reports, they are then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, so named because it demonstrates that every department’s accounting elements are in balance.


A. Once the computer generates the financial reports, they are then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, so named because it demonstrates that every department’s accounting elements balance.
B. Once the computer generates the financial reports, it is then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, named such because it demonstrated the balance of every department’s accounting elements.
C. Once the computer generates the financial reports they are then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, which demonstrates the balance of every department’s accounting elements.
D. Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, it is then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, so named because it demonstrates the balance of every department’s accounting elements.
E. Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, they are then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, named such because it demonstrates that every department’s accounting elements are in balance.

Responding to a pm:

Note that (A), (C) and (E) are wrong in their usage of 'they'.
'financial reports' cannot program a balance sheet and hence the pronoun used must refer back to the computer. Hence, we need to use 'it'.
In (B) and (D), we use 'it' (singular) which refers back to the computer (singular). It cannot refer back to financial reports (plural) and hence there is no ambiguity in pronoun-antecedent connection.

The problem with (B) is 'named such...'. The correct construct is 'so named ...'
We do prefer active over passive but that has no role to play here. Sentences in passive are not incorrect. It is just a preference we have for active because it is stronger. If there is an error in the sentence that uses active voice and the sentence using passive voice is error-free, you must choose the sentence using passive voice.

Hi KarishmaB,

There is also a pronoun ambiguity issue in choice B. The pronoun 'it' refers to both 'the computer' and 'a balance-sheet'. So would you please share your thinking process of choosing B instead of D over this issue?

Thanks

There really isn't. If you are able to understand what is being referred to then it is fine.

Consider another example: Once the computer generates a balance sheet, it is then used to forecast the company revenue for next year.

Now, what does 'it' refer to? We are not sure. Either could be used to forecast the numbers. Though we might lean toward 'the computer' since 'it' is the subject too. But some clarity would be better.

Look at option (D):

D. Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, it is then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, so named because it demonstrates the balance of every department’s accounting elements.

it - computer
'so named' is modifying 'company-wide balance sheet.' The 'because clause' after it tells us why it is so named. Hence, 'it' clearly refers to 'balance sheet.'

Try to put 'the computer' in its place:

Once the financial reports are generated by the computer, it is then used to program a company-wide balance sheet, so named because the computer demonstrates the balance of every department’s accounting elements.

This says that the balance sheet is called a balance sheet because the computer demonstrates the balance of every department’s accounting elements.
Does it make any sense? No.

Hence, there is no ambiguity here. The point of the language is to communicate intent. If your sentence is communicating the intent clearly, it is not ambiguous.

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