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Problem Solving Butler: May 2025
May 13PS 1PS 2

________________________
PS 1

Letters of the word “POLITICS” are shuffled to form all possible distinct combinations. In how many cases does ‘P’ come before ‘O’, and ‘O’ come before ‘L’?

A. 360
B. 720
C. 2520
D. 3360
E. 6720
________________________
PS 2

In a sequence S, each term, after the first term, is obtained by multiplying the previous term by a constant k, where k is an integer other than 1. If the 6th term of the sequence is 243 and the 3rd term is –9, what is the sum of the first five terms of the sequence?

A. 103
B. 101
C. -59
D. -61
E. -91
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Critical Reasoning Butler: May 2025
May 13CR 1CR 2

_________________________
CR 1

Management consultant: It is broadly true that pharmaceutical firms that employ sales representatives to persuade doctors to prescribe certain medications charge less for their products than do those that do not employ sales representatives. It is also true that each time the restrictions on the use of pharmaceutical sales representatives have been relaxed, the number of firms employing sales representatives has increased, and consequently, medical costs to consumers have declined. However, eliminating the requirement that the sales representatives must provide a detailed report comparing prices of their products with those of competing products would almost certainly increase rather than decrease medical costs. The firms would no longer be incentivized to lower drug costs when they begin employing sales representatives and if no longer required to provide the necessary price comparison report, many firms that now employ sales representatives would increase the medications’ price.

In the management consultant’s argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is a generalization accepted as true by the management consultant; the second is presented as a consequence that follows from the truth of that generalization.
(B) The first is a cause-effect pattern that the management consultant predicts will not hold in the case at issue; the second offers a consideration supporting that prediction.
(C) The first is a cause-effect pattern that the management consultant argues will repeat in the case at issue; the second recognizes a circumstance in which that pattern would not hold.
(D) The first is evidence offered by the management consultant in support of a certain prediction; the second is that prediction.
(E) The first recognizes a consideration that weighs against the main position that the management consultant defends; the second is that position.

_________________________
CR 2

Public-private partnerships are cooperative arrangements wherein government and private sector entities work together to complete a project or provide a service to the population. Since the core purpose of the government is to provide material resources and services to ensure the well-being of the public, any task that can be performed more efficiently through a public-private partnership should be done so.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A. If the government decides to work with private sector entities on a project or service, it can usually take advantage of the strong competition that arises among the multiple firms interested in working on that project or service.
B. When a government agency decides to partner with a private entity on a project or service, the private entity sometimes hires government employees who formerly worked on similar projects and services.
C. Certain tasks, such as construction, are commonly conducted through public-private partnerships, whereas others such as defense and law enforcement are not.
D. For a government agency to manage a product or provide a service as effectively as a private sector entity can, the officials involved need to be experts in the relevant areas, as the people in charge of the same at the private entity are.
E. A successful public-private partnership requires the government to provide the private sector entity with information about the population that the private sector entity can potentially use to exploit people.
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Data Sufficiency Butler: May 2025
May 13DS 1DS 2

_______________________
DS 1

At a one-day music workshop, some registered participants attended the morning session, and some attended the afternoon session. If 40% of the registered participants did not attend the morning session, what percent of the registered participants attended the afternoon session?

(1) Of the registered participants who attended the morning session, 1 out of every 4 attended the afternoon session.

(2) The number of registered participants who attended the morning session but did not attend the afternoon session was 3 times the number of registered participants who attended neither session.

_______________________
DS 2

Lena and Marco are hired to paint a fence at a community park. If each of them paints at a constant rate, does Lena, working alone, take more time than Marco, working alone, to paint 120 square meters of the fence?

(1) Lena, working alone, would take 6 more hours to paint 18 square meters of the fence than Marco, working alone, would take to paint 6 square meters of the fence.

(2) Lena, working alone, would take twice as long to paint 4 square meters of the fence as Marco, working alone, would take to paint 1 square meter of the fence.
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Bunuel
Problem Solving Butler: May 2025
May 13PS 1PS 2

________________________
PS 1

Letters of the word “POLITICS” are shuffled to form all possible distinct combinations. In how many cases does ‘P’ come before ‘O’, and ‘O’ come before ‘L’?

A. 360
B. 720
C. 2520
D. 3360
E. 6720
________________________
PS 2

In a sequence S, each term, after the first term, is obtained by multiplying the previous term by a constant k, where k is an integer other than 1. If the 6th term of the sequence is 243 and the 3rd term is –9, what is the sum of the first five terms of the sequence?

A. 103
B. 101
C. -59
D. -61
E. -91
PS1 - A
PS2 - D

Bunuel
Critical Reasoning Butler: May 2025
May 13CR 1CR 2

_________________________
CR 1

Management consultant: It is broadly true that pharmaceutical firms that employ sales representatives to persuade doctors to prescribe certain medications charge less for their products than do those that do not employ sales representatives. It is also true that each time the restrictions on the use of pharmaceutical sales representatives have been relaxed, the number of firms employing sales representatives has increased, and consequently, medical costs to consumers have declined. However, eliminating the requirement that the sales representatives must provide a detailed report comparing prices of their products with those of competing products would almost certainly increase rather than decrease medical costs. The firms would no longer be incentivized to lower drug costs when they begin employing sales representatives and if no longer required to provide the necessary price comparison report, many firms that now employ sales representatives would increase the medications’ price.

In the management consultant’s argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is a generalization accepted as true by the management consultant; the second is presented as a consequence that follows from the truth of that generalization.
(B) The first is a cause-effect pattern that the management consultant predicts will not hold in the case at issue; the second offers a consideration supporting that prediction.
(C) The first is a cause-effect pattern that the management consultant argues will repeat in the case at issue; the second recognizes a circumstance in which that pattern would not hold.
(D) The first is evidence offered by the management consultant in support of a certain prediction; the second is that prediction.
(E) The first recognizes a consideration that weighs against the main position that the management consultant defends; the second is that position.

_________________________
CR 2

Public-private partnerships are cooperative arrangements wherein government and private sector entities work together to complete a project or provide a service to the population. Since the core purpose of the government is to provide material resources and services to ensure the well-being of the public, any task that can be performed more efficiently through a public-private partnership should be done so.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A. If the government decides to work with private sector entities on a project or service, it can usually take advantage of the strong competition that arises among the multiple firms interested in working on that project or service.
B. When a government agency decides to partner with a private entity on a project or service, the private entity sometimes hires government employees who formerly worked on similar projects and services.
C. Certain tasks, such as construction, are commonly conducted through public-private partnerships, whereas others such as defense and law enforcement are not.
D. For a government agency to manage a product or provide a service as effectively as a private sector entity can, the officials involved need to be experts in the relevant areas, as the people in charge of the same at the private entity are.
E. A successful public-private partnership requires the government to provide the private sector entity with information about the population that the private sector entity can potentially use to exploit people.
CR1 - D
CR2 - E
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Bunuel
Critical Reasoning Butler: May 2025
May 12CR 1CR 2

______________________
CR 1

Which of the following best completes the passage below?

In a recent voter survey, forty percent responded that they are somewhat undecided regarding the upcoming presidential election. However, the survey may undervalue the proportion of voters who are undecided, as ______.

A. some who claimed to be somewhat undecided may actually be very undecided
B. some decided voters taking the survey may have claimed that they are not in favor of any candidate
C. some undecided voters taking the survey may have claimed that they are in favor of one candidate
D. some who claimed to be undecided may have done so due to very firmly held opinions
E. some who will not be voting in the upcoming presidential election are probably somewhat undecided

______________________
CR 2

Cash-on-cash return is the ratio of the money earned on an investment in the first year to the total monetary investment, and it is a popular metric by which to express the value of a real estate investment scheme. The higher the cash-on-cash return on an investment, the more likely it is to attract investors. Therefore, a real estate firm that either estimates a higher first year return or allows a lower initial investment requirement will increase the likelihood that an investor will select an investment from the firm over other investment options.

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn above?

A. Increasing both the first year return on an investment and its initial investment requirement without changing its competitive position is possible.
B. For certain types of investors, high initial investment options are preferable to low initial investment options.
C. Investors’ perception of a real estate investment’s first year return is based on real estate firms’ estimates of the first year return on the firms’ investment schemes.
D. The competitive position of a real estate investment can be affected by such factors as marketing and the reputation of the firm offering the investment.
E. Competing real estate investments are often geared towards appealing to different segments of the population of investors.
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Bunuel
Data Sufficiency Butler: May 2025
May 13DS 1DS 2

_______________________
DS 1

At a one-day music workshop, some registered participants attended the morning session, and some attended the afternoon session. If 40% of the registered participants did not attend the morning session, what percent of the registered participants attended the afternoon session?

(1) Of the registered participants who attended the morning session, 1 out of every 4 attended the afternoon session.

(2) The number of registered participants who attended the morning session but did not attend the afternoon session was 3 times the number of registered participants who attended neither session.

_______________________
DS 2

Lena and Marco are hired to paint a fence at a community park. If each of them paints at a constant rate, does Lena, working alone, take more time than Marco, working alone, to paint 120 square meters of the fence?

(1) Lena, working alone, would take 6 more hours to paint 18 square meters of the fence than Marco, working alone, would take to paint 6 square meters of the fence.

(2) Lena, working alone, would take twice as long to paint 4 square meters of the fence as Marco, working alone, would take to paint 1 square meter of the fence.
DS1 - C
DS2 - B
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Quote:

*Bunuel writes:*
Problem Solving Butler: May 2025

May 13
letters-of-the-word-politics-are-shuffled-to-form-all-possible-457555.html
in-a-sequence-s-each-term-after-the-first-term-is-obtained-by-457556.html



________________________
letters-of-the-word-politics-are-shuffled-to-form-all-possible-457555.html

Letters of the word “POLITICS” are shuffled to form all possible distinct combinations. In how many cases does ‘P’ come before ‘O’, and ‘O’ come before ‘L’?

A. 360
B. 720
C. 2520
D. 3360
E. 6720
________________________
in-a-sequence-s-each-term-after-the-first-term-is-obtained-by-457556.html

In a sequence S, each term, after the first term, is obtained by multiplying the previous term by a constant k, where k is an integer other than 1. If the 6th term of the sequence is 243 and the 3rd term is –9, what is the sum of the first five terms of the sequence?

A. 103
B. 101
C. -59
D. -61
E. -91
Ps 1 - A

Quote:

*Bunuel writes:*
Problem Solving Butler: May 2025

May 13
letters-of-the-word-politics-are-shuffled-to-form-all-possible-457555.html
in-a-sequence-s-each-term-after-the-first-term-is-obtained-by-457556.html



________________________
letters-of-the-word-politics-are-shuffled-to-form-all-possible-457555.html

Letters of the word “POLITICS” are shuffled to form all possible distinct combinations. In how many cases does ‘P’ come before ‘O’, and ‘O’ come before ‘L’?

A. 360
B. 720
C. 2520
D. 3360
E. 6720
________________________
in-a-sequence-s-each-term-after-the-first-term-is-obtained-by-457556.html

In a sequence S, each term, after the first term, is obtained by multiplying the previous term by a constant k, where k is an integer other than 1. If the 6th term of the sequence is 243 and the 3rd term is –9, what is the sum of the first five terms of the sequence?

A. 103
B. 101
C. -59
D. -61
E. -91
Ps 2 - D
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Problem Solving Butler: May 2025
May 14PS 1PS 2

______________________
PS 1

If x is positive, which of the following may be the correct ordering of x, x^2, x^3 ?

I. x < x^2 < x^3
II. x^3 < x < x^2
III. x^3 < x^2 < x

A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. I and III only
E. I, II, and III
______________________
PS 2

If |3x + 2| < 20 – x, which of the following reflects the range(s) of all possible values of x ?

A. x > 9/2
B. x < -11
C. -9/2 < x < 11
D. x > 9/2 or x < -11
E. -11 < x < 9/2
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Critical Reasoning Butler: May 2025
May 14CR 1CR 2

____________________
CR 1

It is in fact illegal to make use of prison labor from foreign countries that have poor human rights records. However, if our company does not do so, others will.

Which of the following is most like the argument above in its logical structure?

A) Negotiating with striking workers does, in fact, go against the company’s policies. However, the company must negotiate in some cases, if it wants to prevent major losses.
B) Hunting deer in this forest is indeed illegal. However, if the defendant had not hunted these deer someone else certainly would have done so.
C) It is true that military officers are forbidden to endorse political candidates. But if the Colonel's interview is read closely, it will be clearly seen that no actual endorsement was made by her in this case.
D) In Argentina, refusing to vote is indeed illegal. However, the country has a long tradition of objecting to the law.
E) It is true that the law forbids landlords to increase a tenant's rent without three months’ notice. But there have been many landlords who have done so, regardless.

____________________
CR 2

In the near future, safety experts will be able to perfectly identify any vehicular design flaw that might lead to an accident. Eventually, material sciences will grow so advanced that vehicle manufacturers will be able to ensure the resolution of any such flaw. Therefore, vehicles made by manufacturers who properly identify and resolve these flaws will never have an accident.

The argument above is based on which of the following assumptions?

A) For every vehicular design flaw, there is only one resolution that can prevent it from leading to an accident.
B) In the future, material sciences will be the only area of research of any importance to vehicle manufacturers.
C) Vehicle manufacturers will follow expert safety advice when they are convinced that it is effective.
D) All vehicles have some design flaw that can lead to an accident.
E) All vehicular accidents are in part the result of the vehicle’s design flaws.
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Data Sufficiency Butler: May 2025
May 14DS 1DS 2

______________________
DS 1

Adam, Ben, and Clara are hired to weed a garden at a community center. If Adam and Ben, working simultaneously and independently at their respective constant rates, can weed the garden in 6 hours, how long would Adam and Clara, working simultaneously and independently at their respective constant rates, take to weed the garden?

(1) Adam, Ben, and Clara, working simultaneously and independently at their respective constant rates, can weed the garden in 4 hours.
(2) Ben, working alone at his constant rate, would take 50% more time to weed the garden than Adam, working alone at her constant rate, would take.
______________________
DS 2

Starting at the beginning of 2007, a research lab’s data archive increased by 20% each year for a whole number of years. If no data was deleted during this period, how many gigabytes of data were in the archive at the end of the period?

(1) By the end of the period, the amount of data in the archive had increased by 44%.
(2) If 360 gigabytes of data had been deleted at the beginning of the final year of the period, the amount of data in the archive at the end of the period would have been 12% less than its actual amount at the end of the period.
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