Rabia22
how do you even know what to do in such a question what is a simple strategy
Every-time you encounter a combination/permutation/choosing X out of Y question that asks you to choose "at least" something, it is always better to find the total and subtract it from cases you don’t want.
Like in this question, it asks to calculate cases where "at least" one red and one blue shirt remains in the closet.
Instead of calculating cases where 1 red remains + 2 red remains +....+ 1 blue remains...and so on, it is always better to find cases where red or blue shirts are all chosen and they don’t remain in the closet. Then subtract them from choosing shirts with no conditions.
Here, if there are no conditions, we can choose 8 shirts from 12 (7-red & 5-blue) shirts in 12C8 ways (12C8 is selecting 8 items from total 12 items).......(A)
Now, we can calculate what we don’t need,
Let’s say we selected all red shirts. There are 7 of them. So we will have to select 1 blue shirt to make a total 8 shirts. Number of cases =
7C7 * 5C1 (selecting 7 red shirts from 7 red shirts) * (selecting 1 blue shirt from 5 blue shirts)......(B)
Let’s say we selected all blue shirts. There are 5 of them. So we will have to select 3 red shirts to make a total 8 shirts. Number of cases =
5C5 * 7C3 (selecting 5 blue shirts from 5 blue shirts) * (selecting 3 red shirts from 7 red shirts)......(C)
Total Cases = (A)
What we don’t need = (B) + (C)
What we need = (A) - [(B) + (C)]
= 12C8 - [(7C7 * 5C1) + (5C5 * 7C3)]
= 455
With understanding the logic and a little bit of practice, you’ll start to straightaway write down 12C8 - (5C1 + 7C3) within 30 seconds [NCN = 1, so we don’t even bother writing it down] and probably spend another 30 seconds to calculate this.
Making individual cases and adding them will definitely take 10+ minutes.
Hope this helps