Research has shown that when speaking, individuals who have been blind

Question

Research has shown that when speaking, individuals who have been blind from birth and  have thus never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and that  they will gesture even when conversing with another blind person.

(A) have thus never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and that

(B) have thus never seen anyone gesture but nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and

(C) have thus never seen anyone gesture, that they nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and

(D) thus they have never seen anyone gesture, but nonetheless they make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and that

(E) thus they have never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and

soumanag · Accepted Answer

IMO correct option A
The question tests parallelism and idiom.
Correct idiom => as X as Y
Not considering the marked portion in the main sentence maxes X = individuals make hand motions & Y = sighted people do
In A this is parallel.

Research has shown that when speaking, individuals  who  have been blind from birth and have thus never seen anyone gesture nonetheless  make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and that  they will gesture even when conversing with another blind person.

A) have thus never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just  as  frequently and in the same way  as  sighted people do, and that

B) have thus never seen anyone gesture but nonetheless make hand motions just  as  frequently and in the same way  that  sighted people do, and -  As X that Y is wrong

C) have thus never seen anyone gesture,  that  they nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and -  that is not parallel & is unnecessary

D) thus they have never seen anyone gesture, but nonetheless they make hand motions just  as  frequently and in the same way  that  sighted people do, and that -  As X that Y is wrong

E) thus they have never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just  as  frequently and in the same way  that  sighted people do, and -  As X that Y is wrong

amma4u · Answer

can someone explain "that" in A is referring to what?

amod243 · Answer

Research has shown that (when speaking, individuals ... people do,) and (that they will gesture even when conversing with another blind person.)

Reserch has shown that X and that Y --> his Keeps the parallelism

So B, C, E areout due to lack of parallelism.

between A and E , the only difference is A starts with "Have thus" while E starts with "thus they have..."

introduction of Subject "they" in E is unnecessary

it leave with the answer A.

whats is the OA????

amenon55 · Answer

Crazy problem

A) have thus never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and that
looks fine
B) have thus never seen anyone gesture but nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and
research has shown that blah blah and they will gesture - break in parallel (need a 'that' before 'they')

C) have thus never seen anyone gesture, that they nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and
research has shown that blah blah and they will gesture - break in parallel (need a 'that' before 'they')

D) thus they have never seen anyone gesture, but nonetheless they make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and that
individuals who have been blah blah and thus they have - break in parallel (remove they)

E) thus they have never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and
individuals who have been blah blah and thus they have - break in parallel (remove they)

If you get this problem in 60 secs, pretty sure you don't need to worry about parallelism

Pal22 · Answer

My take -

A) have thus never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and that
 Keep. No problem. Lets look at other options. 
B) have thus never seen anyone gesture but nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and
  but and nonetheless are redundant. There is no problem with 'in the same way that'. However, a 'that' at the end is missing, which makes the meaning unclear. 
C) have thus never seen anyone gesture, that they nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and
 wrong usage - 'gesture, that they nonetheless' (comma not required). Also a 'that' at the end is missing, which makes the meaning unclear. 
D) thus they have never seen anyone gesture, but nonetheless they make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and that
 pronoun 'they' not required in 'thus they have never seen'. but and nonetheless are redundant.  
E) thus they have never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and
 pronoun 'they' not required in 'thus they have never seen'. Also a 'that' at the end is missing, which makes the meaning unclear.

What is the source of this question?

Annie28 · Answer

For me, it 's A.

There are some problems here 
Parallelism: “and that they will” - “and they will”; “show that X, that Y, and Z” - “show that X, and that Y”
Modifier: Comparison: “just as frequently” -“just as frequently as”
Idiom: “in the same way as” - “in the same way that”
Sentence structure: “but nonetheless make” - “nonetheless make”

B: “but nonetheless”, we don't have Verb for "individuals", and "but" is in wrong place.

B, D: “in the same way that” is absolutely wrong.

B, D, E: “As frequently” needs "as" in the end. In other sentences, “as frequently” share “as” with “in the same way”.

C: “shown that …, that …, and they will”, we need one more “and that” to end this parallel list.

If it helps, pls give me kudos. Thanks a lot.

StaceyKoprince · Answer

Research has shown that L (when speaking...people do), and that M (they will gesture...).

Within "that L" there's another structure. "individuals who N (have been blind) and P (have never seen) nonetheless make hand motions Q (just as frequently) and R (in the same... people do)"

So you've got three pairs of "and" phrases or clauses, in which each part of the pair should be parallel.

So, L and M = pair #1, N and P = pair #2, Q and R = pair #3.

They're all correctly parallel in choice A. 
B breaks parallelism for L and M (no "that" before M), as well as breaking some other rules (Correct idiom is as X as)
C breaks parallelism for L and M (no "that" before M), as well as breaking some other rules 
D breaks parallelism for N and P (individuals who N and "they" P - I shouldn't repeat the subject here b/c "individuals" is outside of the parallel part of the sentence) ;(Correct idiom is as X as)
E same as D and B/C and in E --(Correct idiom is as X as)

Other rules are broken as well in the wrong ones, but you can use this one rule, parallelism, to deal with all 4 wrong choices.

KaranB1 · Answer

Research has shown 2 phenomena.

Therefore, sentence structure used is "Research has shown  that(1st phenomena)  x does 123  and that(2nd phenomena)  does 456".

himadeepm · Answer

Can you please mention if that modifier after 'and' is necessary. Without 'THAT' after 'and' is the sentence wrong. please refer to the question in link here which doesn't use that after 'and' https://gmatclub.com/forum/the-bones-of ... 76167.html

Ilhomjon98 · Answer

Hi IanStewart

Could you please help with this question?

Quote:

(B) have thus never seen anyone gesture but nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and

Some in gmatclub say that (B) is wrong because of "same way that". Yet, another O.G. question uses "the same year that" in the correct answer: https://gmatclub.com/forum/a-letter-by- ... 82826.html

Until I encountered the above question, I used to think that "the same ... as" is correct, whereas "the same ... that" is not.

Could you please explain what is the difference between "the same ... as" and "the same ... that"?

IanStewart · Answer

With extremely common words like "same" in English, there will be dozens of different ways to use the word, and it would be pointless for every such word to try to memorize word combinations which are "correct" and which are not. We do often use "same...as" when saying two things are identical. If we need to compare two verb phrases though, we can correctly use "same" and "that" together. So "The foods I like are the same foods that you like" is a perfectly good sentence.

VIGHNESHKAMATH · Answer

I got answer correct. But can someone explain what the use of comma is before second ''that'' in Option A. If I want to create two parallel entities: Research has shown that X and that Y, we shouldn't use comma, right? Isn't it the case that usage of comma demands independent clause after it?

Thank You
Vighnesh

Jr2000wharton · Answer

It's just parallel to "Research that"

Anshul1223333 · Answer

how should I see the parallelism in A]-

''just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do''

Just as X and as Y:

X: Frequently
Y: people do

RonTargetTestPrep · Answer

Those are not parallel parts. They can't be, because they don't play the same grammatical role (your X is an adverb; your Y is a clause consisting of subject+verb.)

Each of  the two parallel parts  here is a piece of a comparison. 
Putting each piece into the blank here—"Individuals who have been blind from birth make hand motions ______ as sighted people do"—makes a sensible comparison:
 Individuals who have been blind from birth make hand motions  just as frequently  as sighted people do. 
 Individuals who have been blind from birth make hand motions  in the same way  as sighted people do.

The  two parallel parts  don't superficially look too much alike, but, by substituting both of them into exactly the same 'blank' in the sentence above, we've proved that they play identical grammatical roles. That's all you really need for two constructions to be parallel.

himanshu0123 · Answer

Talking about two parallel clauses using 'THAT' in A]

1. Research has shown that when speaking, individuals who have been blind from birth

2. Research has shown that they will gesture even when conversing with another blind person.

THESE two should stand independently, however in part 2, we don't have any precedent for 'they' Isn't this against the rule of parallelism

RonTargetTestPrep · Answer

"they" =  individuals who have been blind from birth and who thus have never seen anyone gesture . This group is the subject of both clauses.

The first of the two parallel clauses has a short initial modifier ("When speaking, ...") attached to it. That's just a modifier; the subject and verb of that first clause are "individuals ... make ...".

himanshu0123 · Answer

RonTargetTestPrep

Hi Ron, I did not understand fully here.

My thinking is -research has shown two things:

1. ''that when speaking, individuals who have been blind from birth and have thus never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do

AND

2. that they will gesture even when conversing with another blind person''

Since these two are standalone things, ideally ''they'' in 2nd part should not have a reference i.e individuals, in the 1st part.

If I read the 2nd part alone, it should be clear to me what is it talking about instead of taking help from 1st part.

This is how I understood the idea of parallelism.

option A below:

''Research has shown that when speaking, individuals who have been blind from birth and have thus never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and that they will gesture even when conversing with another blind person.''

hadimadi · Answer

\

Hi,

then we would have

Research has shown that

1. individuals when speaking
2. , and that they

The second ’they’ still doesn’t have a clear subject?

Thanks

Research has shown that when speaking, individuals who have been blind

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Research has shown that when speaking, individuals who have been blind

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