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(A) who employed both skill and honor on the battlefield, as well as cultured citizens who were

(B) which employed both skill or honor on the battlefield, as well as cultured citizens who were

(C) who employed not only skill and honor on the battlefield, as well as cultured citizens that were

(D) who employed both skill and honor on the battlefield, or a cultured citizen who was

(E) whom employed both skill and honor on the battlefield, and cultured citizens whom were

In our 5 second scan we can notice two splits
1) who/which/whom
2)who were/that were/who was/whom were


3)we also notice the presence of the idiom both X and Y

1)Lets eliminate options based on who vs which
which cannot refer back to people therefore we can eliminate B
we can eliminate E as whom should be "who" (subject-for the verb employed)

2)Lets eliminate based on our second observation (we are left with options A,C and D)

that were refers to citizens(people), we cannot use "that" to refer back to people

eliminate C


between A and D

in option D "cultured citizen" refers back to the plural noun samurai warriors-wrong!

therefore A is the correct option!!
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(A) who employed both skill and honor on the battlefield, as well as cultured citizens who were
Who is correctly modifying combatants, both skill and honor –correct idiom and parallel. As well as cultured citizens ….who were is parallel.

(B) which employed both skill or honor on the battlefield, as well as cultured citizens who were
which is wrong, used for places. Both….or…..—wrong construction

(C) who employed not only skill and honor on the battlefield, as well as cultured citizens that were
who is correct, not only ….as well as is wrong.

(D) who employed both skill and honor on the battlefield, or a cultured citizen who was
Samurai warriors is Plural so cultured citizen should be plural, cultured citizens who were….

(E) whom employed both skill and honor on the battlefield, and cultured citizens whom were
whom is wrong
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