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Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
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In Hungary, as in much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of which are in middle management and light industry.
(A) as in much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of which are in
(B) as with much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women works, many in
(C) as in much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of them in
(D) like much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women works, and many are
(E) like much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many are in
Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of this sentence is that as in much of Eastern Europe, in Hungary, an overwhelming proportion of women work, and many of them work in middle management and light industry.
Concepts tested here: Subject-Verb Agreement + Meaning + Pronouns + Grammatical Construction• The pronoun “which” cannot be used to refer to a human being.
• A comparison can only be made between similar elements.
• A comma cannot join two independent clauses; such usage leads to the error of comma splice; to correct this error, the comma must be replaced with a semicolon or comma followed by a conjunction such as "and", "but" etc.
A: This answer choice incorrectly uses "which" to refer to "women"; please remember, the pronoun “which” cannot be used to refer to a human being.
B: This answer choice incorrectly refers to the plural noun "women" with the singular verb "works". Further, Option B alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "with much of Eastern Europe"; the use of "with" leads to an incoherent meaning; the intended meaning is that as in much of Eastern Europe, in Hungary, an overwhelming proportion of women work.
C: Correct. This answer correctly refers to the plural noun "women" with the plural verb "work". Moreover, Option C correctly refers to "women" with an appropriate pronoun "that", which can be used to refer to humans. Further, Option B correctly compares the prepositional phrase "In Hungary" with the prepositional phrase "in much of Eastern Europe", conveying the intended meaning - that as in much of Eastern Europe, in Hungary, an overwhelming proportion of women work. Additionally, the answer choice formed by Option C uses the phrase "many of them in middle management and light industry", conveying the intended meaning - that many women in Hungary work in middle management and light industry. Besides Option C correctly uses a comma to join the independent clause "In Hungary...an overwhelming proportion of women work" with the dependent clause "many of them in middle management and light industry"
D: This answer choice incorrectly uses "which" to refer to "women"; please remember, the pronoun “which” cannot be used to refer to a human being. Further, the sentence formed by Option D alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "and many are middle management and light industry"; the construction of this phrase illogically implies that many women in Hungary
are middle management and light industry
themselves; the intended meaning is that many women in Hungary
work in middle management and light industry. This answer choice incorrectly compares the prepositional phrase "In Hungary" to the noun phrase "much of Eastern Europe"; please remember, a comparison can only be made between similar elements.
E: This answer choice incorrectly compares the prepositional phrase "In Hungary" to the noun phrase "much of Eastern Europe"; please remember, a comparison can only be made between similar elements. Further, Option E incorrectly uses a comma to join the independent clause "In Hungary...an overwhelming proportion of women work" with the independent clause "many are in middle management and light industry"; please remember, a comma cannot join two independent clauses; such usage leads to the error of comma splice; to correct this error, the comma must be replaced with semicolon or comma followed by a conjunction such as "and", "but" etc.
Hence, C is the best answer choice.To understand the concept of "Comma Splices" and "Run-ons" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~6 minutes):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team