Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given acade

Question

Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given academic year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from Markland, had traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central Markland College. Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent.

Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?

(A) If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside Markland, the college could not have improved its academic standards over the past 10 years.

(B) If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years, students who are not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds of the college’s enrollment.

(C) Over the past 10 year the number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased.

(D) Over the past 10 years academic standards at Central Markland College have risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland.

(E) If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years.

KarishmaB · Accepted Answer

Question stem: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
This is a 'must be true' question. You are looking for the option that can be inferred from the stimulus.

Premises:
-Students from outside Markland, who pay twice as much tuition as do students from Markland, had accounted for at least 2/3 of the enrollment.
-Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent.
Which means that 60% students are now Marklanders.

(A) If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside Markland, the college could not have improved its academic standards over the past 10 years. 
We do not know why the standards improved. Cannot be inferred.

(B) If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years, students who are not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds of the college’s enrollment. 
Cannot be inferred. We do not know if there is a relation between academic standards and % of non Marklanders.

(C) Over the past 10 year the number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased. 
No information about number of students. Cannot be inferred.

(D) Over the past 10 years academic standards at Central Markland College have risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland. 
No information about other colleges. Cannot be inferred.
 (E) If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years. 
Per capita revenue implies the average paid by each student. It doesn't matter whether the total number of students have increased or decreased. If those paying twice have reduced, then to still get the same average, tuition must have increased.

Answer (E).

Bunuel · Answer

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

The correct answer choice is (E)

The stimulus does not contain a conclusion, but it does contain an interesting fact set: “Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given academic year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from Markland, had traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central Markland College.” This sentence indicates that the non-Marklanders are paying a greater amount of tuition, and they previously accounted for at least 66% of the enrollment. This statement is followed by: “Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen, and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent.” This sentence can be deceptive because it contains two ideas that are unrelated and many people assume that the proportion of non-Marklanders has dropped because the academic standards rose. The sentence only states that the non-Marklanders have dropped; not that they dropped because of the raised standards. As you learned from our discussion in this chapter, the fact that the non-Marklanders have dropped in percent does not mean that their actual number has decreased (Misconception #2). The following is an example of how the percent could decrease while numbers could increase:

10 years ago Today  
Total number of students at Central Markland 100 200 
Number of non-Markland students 66 (66%) 80 (40%) 
Number of Markland students 34 (34%) 120 (60%)  
 
Answer choice (A): The stimulus does not cite any reason for why or how the academic standards were increased, so this answer is incorrect.

Answer choice (B): This answer tests your ability to understand the last sentence of the stimulus. As discussed above, the last sentence does not provide a reason for the decline in non-Markland students, so removing the stipulation about the rise in academic standards would not tell us whether non-Marklanders would still be enrolled in the college.

Answer choice (C): This is a difficult answer. If the size of the college stayed the same, then this answer would be correct. But, as shown by the example above, the statement in this answer does not have to be true when the total size of the college changes. In the example, both Markland students and non-Markland student numbers grew.

Answer choice (D): Remember, this is a Must Be True question, so every answer must pass the Fact Test. No information was given about other Markland colleges, so this answer is incorrect.

Answer choice (E): This is the correct answer.  If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition remains constant while at the same time the high-tuition paying non-Marklanders have decreased in percentage, the college must have derived new tuition revenue by raising tuition. In other words, when the percentage of non-Marklanders drops, the average tuition per person must also drop because they pay twice as much as the Markland students. In order to keep the per person revenue the same, fees would have to be raised.

kgarraway · Answer

easy E. the rest are too extreme. E works with only what is given. Population of Non Marklanders went down to 40%. It could be because more Marklanders began to attend the school as opposed to a reduction in non Marklanders attendees or vice versa. We cannot say what was responsible for the increased academic standards, so rule that out.
The only thing we can say is there could be tuition increases if per capita revenue remained the same.

vicksikand · Answer

I will stick with E,but I have my doubts since the fee has increased for everyone (Locals and outsiders) how would you justify increase in per capita fee?

Ox + Iy = C
O=outsiders, fee=x
I=Locals, fee=y
O decreases, I increases x and y can both be adjusted to compensate.
C/x+y wouldnt necessarily go up.

zeep · Answer

Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given academic year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from Markland, had traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central Markland College. Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent.

Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?

(A) If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside Markland, the college could not have improved its academic standards over the past 10 years. - WRONG. No such relation is established in the passage or inferable from passage.

(B) If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years, students who are not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds of the college’s enrollment. - WRONG. No such relation is established in the passage or inferable from passage.

(C) Over the past 10 year the number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased. - WRONG. Big NO when percentage is mentioned in passage and number in the choice.

(D) Over the past 10 years academic standards at Central Markland College have risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland. - WRONG. Irrelevant.

(E) If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years. - CORRECT. POE leads to E. It can be established that E makes sense as proved in above explanations.

Answer E.

, just reason it intuitively

daagh · Answer

The catch in E is that the per capita revenue remaining the same. Even If the absolute number of non- Marklanders increases, despite the percentage coming down, (which is possible) the per capita revenue will not rise. This is because, for every higher contribution by the non- Marklanders, there is a much more increase in the number of the Marklanders, who contribute half of their counterparts, thus pulling down the average.

The best way is to a make a simulated arithmetic, and one can see that whatever the situation, the per capita revenue will not remain the same in the new permutation, unless there is an actual rise.

E is the safest inference

The best way is to a make a simulated arithmetic, and one can see that whatever the situation, the per capita revenue will not remain the same in the new permutation, unless there is an actual rise. 
 
E is the safest inference

282552 · Answer

Can somebody please explain why is C not right. If the proportion of outsiders has decresed then can't it be inferred that number of outsiders has decreased .

Posted from my mobile device

KarishmaB · Answer

A decrease in proportion does not imply a decrease in numbers.

Say there used to be 100 students - 70 outsiders (70%) and 30 Marklanders (30%)

Say now there are 500 students - 200 outsiders (40%) and 300 Marklanders (60%)

So though the proportion of outsiders has decreased from 70% to 40%, their number has actually increased (from 70 to 200) because total number of students has increased. Since we know nothing about the number of students, we cannot say what happened to the actual number of outsiders in the last 10 years.

JarvisR · Answer

C Vs E:

Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given academic year pay twice as much tuition  each as do students from Markland, had traditionally  accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central Markland College . 
Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen, and  the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent .

Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?

c) Over the past 10 years, the number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased.
>> Since number of students not given we cant infer that. This is a common trick in such questions. From % we cant infer if the actual number increased or decreased.

e) If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years.
PCR = avg fees from all students remained constant
Now to keep the figure constant when the proportion of high paying students have decreased, we need to increases the fees.

So answers seems to be E.

shriramvelamuri · Answer

My option will be E. Really good question. Took me around 3.5 min, but in the end worth answering such a nice question.

My though process...

1. Option A: The argument does not support this. Perhaps non Marklanders are too ambitious and took more modules and hence their tuition fee was higher.

2. Option B: The argument does not support this ideology.

3. Option C: Clearly out of scope.

4. Option D: Clearly out of scope because comparing with other colleges in Markland.

5. Option E: College percapita income remained the same, then tution fee must be higher than previous year.  .

Please let me know your thoughts. Please post OA.

Abhishek009 · Answer

This one has really been a sitter for me ( And trust me the more challenging the game becomes the better it feels) Situation 10 Yrs ago - Total students = 60 Non Markland = 40 ( Considering 2/3rd) Markland = 20 Let the tution fees 10 years ago be as follows - Non Markland = 20 Non Markland = 10 Total tution fees collected by Central Markland College was - (20*40) + (10*20) = 1000 Per Capita Revenue is 1000/60 =>16.67 Situation 10 Yrs ago - Total students = 60 Non Markland = 16 ( 40% ) Markland = 44 Considering tution fees and No of students remaining the same Tution fees now - Non Markland = 20 Markland = 10 Total tution fees collected by Central Markland College was - (20*16) + (10*34) = 660 Per Capita Revenue is 660/60 =>11.00 Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above? (A) If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside Markland, the college could not have improved its academic standards over the past 10 years. We can not infer anything about the standard of education because nothing has been explicitly mentioned in the stimulus. (B) If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years , students who are not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds of the college’s enrollment. We can not infer anything about the standard of education because nothing has been explicitly mentioned in the stimulus. (C) Over the past 10 year the number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased. This might seem a probable answer choice but be very very careful this statement talks about " the number of students " and the passage keeps on mentioning Percentage - Increase/Decrease in %gae doesn't mean a corresponding increase/Decrease in number. (D) Over the past 10 years academic standards at Central Markland College have risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland. We can not infer anything about the standard of education. (E) If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years. This sounds very interesting , lets check. Per Capita Revenue 10 years ago was 1000/60 =>16.67 Per Capita Revenue now is is 660/60 =>11.00 Now to keep per capita revenue same we must have to increase the tution fees to 1000 now , this will defintely mean a increase in Per capita tution fees. Hence IMHO (E) :magic

anairamitch1804 · Answer

Let's say there were 100 students enrolled at Central Markland College (hereafter referred to as CMC) and the tuition for residents was $100. Since at least 2/3 of the student body comprised of non-residents who paid double the residents' tuition ($200), let's suppose, for the purpose of simplification, that 70% of the student body were non-residents.

In sum, 10 years ago, we had 30 resident students each of whom paid $100 and 70 non-resident students each of whom paid double that amount, i.e. $200.

To compute the average tuition (tuition revenue received by CMC per head) = ( $100 x 30 + $200 x 70 ) / 100 = $170 per capita or per student

After 10 years, IF CMC is still earning per capita revenue of $170 and that the proportion of nonresidents has decreased to 40%, it MUST BE TRUE that the amount of contribution by residents has increased.

Let me give you another hypothetical situation.

After 10 years, the number of student body has increased. Say, the number of residents and nonresidents have BOTH increased to a total of 200. Here, since nonresidents make up 40% of the student body, there are 80 of them and the rest are residents (160 students).
See how (C) doesn't have to be true here for nonresident students' proportion to decrease relative to that of the residents?

So if the college is still earning $170 from each student, let's denote the new tuition as NT and see if NT equals $100 (which was the tuition for residents a decade ago).

170 = { ( NT x # of residents ) + ( double NT x # of nonresidents) } / new total number of students

170 x 200 = ( NT x 120 ) + ( 2NT x 80 ) 
34000 = 280NT
New Tuition (NT) = $121.something 
So the tuition has indeed increased! (by $21 in our hypothetical example)
Hence E is correct.

unraveled · Answer

Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given academic year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from Markland, had traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central Markland College. Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has dropped to around 40 percent.

Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?

(A) If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside Markland,  the college could not have improved its academic standards  over the past 10 years. - WRONG. No such relation is established in the passage or inferable from passage.

(B) If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years,  students who are not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds  of the college’s enrollment. - WRONG. No such relation is established in the passage or inferable from passage.

(C) Over the past 10 year the  number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased . - WRONG. Big NO when percentage is mentioned in passage and number in the choice.

(D) Over the past 10 years  academic standards  at Central Markland College  have risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland.  - WRONG. Irrelevant.

(E) If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same, tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years. - CORRECT. POE leads to E. It can be established that E makes sense as proved in above explanations.

Answer E.

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