[quote="saurya_s"]Sulfur dioxide, a major contributor to acid rain, is
an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system's ability to deal with all other pollutants.
(A) an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system's ability to deal
(B) an especially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system's capability of dealing
(C) an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system in dealing
(D) a specially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system to deal
(E) a specially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system's ability to deal
This question is based on Diction and Idiomatic Usage.
A vertical scan of the first word of every option shows us that Options A, B, and C start with ‘especially’ and Options D and E start with ‘specially’. These words are used interchangeably in some contexts and are very close in meaning.
E.g.: During this pandemic, people with diabetes and a heart condition have been told to stay away from crowded places, especially/specially movie theatres and malls.
However, there is a difference in meaning between the two words and they are used differently in most contexts.
‘Especially’ means particularly or markedly. ‘Specially’ means having a specific purpose.
In this sentence, we need the meaning of particularly or markedly because it describes how serious a pollutant sulfur dioxide is. On this basis, we can rule out
Options D and E. Option B is not very clear because of the participle phrase in the middle – diminishing the respiratory system’s capability of dealing. The phrase ‘capability of dealing with’ is not as graceful as the phrase ‘capability to deal with’.
On the basis of these two errors, we can rule out
Option B.
There are inappropriate word and idiomatic usages in Option C. The phrase ‘capability to deal with’ is more appropriate than ‘capability of the respiratory system in dealing with’.
The options also give us a choice between the words ‘ability’ and ‘capability’.
The dictionary defines ‘ability’ as the power to do or act physically, mentally, legally etc.
The word ‘capability’, on the other hand, is used to convey the meaning of potential or qualities that can be used or developed.
In this sentence, the word ‘ability’ is more appropriate.Therefore,
Option C, which contains the word 'capability' can be ruled out.
A is the most appropriate option. Jayanthi Kumar.