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gmat2015p
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Nice explanation above.

This problem reminds me of a OG problem because it's a SVA issue with the verb provide: paleontologists-believe-that-fragments-of-a-primate-jawbone-81906.html

Try to make connections as you study for the GMAT. You can see how the format for SVA is similar in both cases. The Subject and Verb are separated by modifying elements and the nouns (not the subject) that are closer to the verb have a different "number" than the subject (analysis/sounds; fragments/jawbone).

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SVA means Subject-Verb-Agreement. It means that a verb, in this case provide, needs to have the same number category as its subject, in this case Mathematical analysis. Since Mathematical analysis is used in third person singular, provide also needs to follow that structure.

The sentence is written in simple present, so the third person singular of the verb needs to come with an -s at the end (provides). So you know that Options A, C and E are wrong, because verb does not have the s.
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Mathematical analysis -{SINGULAR} of humpback whale sounds provide evidence that animals other than humans use a hierarchical structure of communication.

A. provide evidence that animals other than humans - PROVIDE PLURAL ELIMINATE
B. provides evidence that animals other than humans - CORRECT
C. provide evidence that an animal other than humans - PROVIDE PLURAL ELIMINATE
D. provides evidence that an animal other than a human - use in non under lined part conveys that it should be animals {plural} not singular. ELIMINATE
E. provide evidence that animals, like humans, - PROVIDE PLURAL ELIMINATE
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Mathematical analysis -{SINGULAR} of humpback whale sounds provide evidence that animals other than humans use a hierarchical structure of communication.

A. provide evidence that animals other than humans - PROVIDE PLURAL ELIMINATE
B. provides evidence that animals other than humans - CORRECT
C. provide evidence that an animal other than humans - PROVIDE PLURAL ELIMINATE
D. provides evidence that an animal other than a human - use in non under lined part conveys that it should be animals {plural} not singular. ELIMINATE
E. provide evidence that animals, like humans, - PROVIDE PLURAL ELIMINATE
Please clarify how did we eliminate option D. The sentence talks about another animal- humpback whale other than humans. Use of singular noun seems correct to me.
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akhilbajaj

Please clarify how did we eliminate option D. The sentence talks about another animal- humpback whale other than humans. Use of singular noun seems correct to me.

Hi,

let's put D in the original sentence, and do the error analysis:

Mathematical analysis of humpback whale sounds provides evidence that an animal other than a human use a hierarchical structure of communication.

Subject - Mathematical analysis - singular, thus we need a verb in singular - provides.
OF Humpback whale is a prepositional phrase that modifies the subject mathematical analysis, hence it cannot be the subject.
THAT after evidence introduces a subordinate clause
subject is AN animal - singular, but the verb in the non-underlined part of the sentence is "use" - plural. This is incorrect. Because of this, the underlined part of the sentence must have a subject in the subordinate clause in plural form. Since A, C, and E are already eliminated, the only option left is B, which is the correct answer.
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Don't worry too much if you got this one wrong, people. Subject/Verb agreement is simple concept to learn. Find some similar sentences and you'll get the hang of it soon enough.
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