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Re: The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding [#permalink]
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imo B
The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding his client was not going to show up.


A. The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding
-- Tense issue since the non underline part is past tense

B. The limousine driver waited for almost an hour before deciding that
-- Correct

C. The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before he decided that
-- Tense issue since the non underline part is past tense

D. The limousine driver was waiting for almost an hour before deciding
-- Was waiting doesnot give the correct meaning

E. The limousine driver waited for almost an hour before deciding
-- That is needed to introduce a clause ..
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Re: The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding [#permalink]
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Ans B

A. The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding - INCORRECT
Tense Error. The action happened in the past so we need the tense in the past.

B. The limousine driver waited for almost an hour before deciding that - CORRECT

C. The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before he decided that - INCORRECT
Again same error as A.

D. The limousine driver was waiting for almost an hour before deciding- INCORRECT
'That' is missing after deciding.

E. The limousine driver waited for almost an hour before deciding- INCORRECT
Same error as above.
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Re: The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding [#permalink]
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IMO B

The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding his client was not going to show up.

This sentence tries to convey that that a particular action took place BUT is NOT taking place anymore.
Hence, the usage of present perfect and any form of present/ present perfect continuous will be incorrect.

A. The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding

B. The limousine driver waited for almost an hour before deciding that
Correct

C. The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before he decided that

D. The limousine driver was waiting for almost an hour before deciding

E. The limousine driver waited for almost an hour before deciding <that is missing>
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Re: The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding [#permalink]
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The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding his client was not going to show up.

A. The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding -> We need past tense. Tense error. Incorrect.

B. The limousine driver waited for almost an hour before deciding that -> It is better.

C. The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before he decided that -> We need past tense. Tense error. Incorrect.

D. The limousine driver was waiting for almost an hour before deciding -> No need to use progressive tense. Incorrect.

E. The limousine driver waited for almost an hour before deciding -> "that" is needed to introduce another clause. Incorrect.

So, I think B. :)
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Re: The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding [#permalink]
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The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding his client was not going to show up.


A. The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding Incorrect

tense error - past form require

B. The limousine driver waited for almost an hour before deciding that Correct

C. The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before he decided that Incorrect

tense error - past form require

D. The limousine driver was waiting for almost an hour before deciding Incorrect

after deciding that require, past continuous wrong

E. The limousine driver waited for almost an hour before deciding Incorrect

after deciding that require
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Re: The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding [#permalink]
Split- has waited, waited and was waiting.

Was waiting- incorrect as driver must has waited in past before deciding something.

Has decided- Incorrect verb as everything is occurring in past.

Split between B and E is decided that and deciding:

Deciding- incorrect as deciding is followed by a clause that requires a "that" before it.
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Re: The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding [#permalink]
in B] how do I identify that the 2nd clause is a verbless clause.

''before deciding that...'' what is the subject and verb in this?

Thats why I got confused with C] where the verb was explicitly mentioned
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Re: The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding [#permalink]
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himanshu0123 wrote:
in B] how do I identify that the 2nd clause is a verbless clause.


Clauses have verbs. If something doesn't have a verb, it's not a clause.

There's only one way you could possibly have a clause without an explicit verb—namely, if there are 2 or more parallel clauses that all use the same verb in the same context. In such cases, it may be possible to omit the repeated instances of the verb, just as other repetitions can often be omitted in parallel forms [especially comparisons].
This is not happening here.

The part you're citing is just "before" + NOUN, which is an ordinary prepositional phrase (structured in the same way as "I'll pick up donuts and coffee before work").
The _ing form here is grammatically a noun. That's a common functionality of _ing forms (e.g., Swimming is fun).
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Re: The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding [#permalink]
RonTargetTestPrep


B] The limousine driver waited for almost an hour before deciding that his client was not going to show up.

is 'before' a preposition? How do I not confuse it with 'dependent clause marker'

could you please help me understand how this ''before deciding that his client was not going to show up'' is well structured and equal to choice F] below? Is this an appositive phrase?


v/s

F] The limousine driver waited for almost an hour before he decided that his client was not going to show up.

-I was really looking for this F] choice where 'before' is a dependent clause marker and 'that' is used as a connector b/w two clauses

RonTargetTestPrep wrote:
himanshu0123 wrote:
in B] how do I identify that the 2nd clause is a verbless clause.


Clauses have verbs. If something doesn't have a verb, it's not a clause.

There's only one way you could possibly have a clause without an explicit verb—namely, if there are 2 or more parallel clauses that all use the same verb in the same context. In such cases, it may be possible to omit the repeated instances of the verb, just as other repetitions can often be omitted in parallel forms [especially comparisons].
This is not happening here.

The part you're citing is just "before" + NOUN, which is an ordinary prepositional phrase (structured in the same way as "I'll pick up donuts and coffee before work").
The _ing form here is grammatically a noun. That's a common functionality of _ing forms (e.g., Swimming is fun).
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Re: The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding [#permalink]
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himanshu0123

Your choice F works fine, but we definitely don't need a clause after "before." As you suggested, "before" is a preposition in the context of B, and so I can use it to create prepositional phrases that work as modifiers. For instance, I can say "I answered all my emails before breakfast" or "I spoke for several minutes before realizing that my mic was off." The difference is that unlike many other prepositions, "before" can also serve as a conjunction that introduces a clause. We just have to be ready for either usage.
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Re: The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding [#permalink]
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Hello Experts,

Would A be correct if i changed HAS to HAD?

The limousine driver hadwaited for almost an hour before deciding his client was not going to show up.
Both events are in the past, first he waited than he decided.
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Re: The limousine driver has waited for almost an hour before deciding [#permalink]
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