The results of experiments performed by Sir Frederick William Herschel indicated that there was a form of light not visible to
the human eye, which was a development that led to the discovery of infrared.
(A) the human eye, which was a development
(B) human eyes, which were developments
(C) the human eye, and these were developments
(D) human eyes, a development
(E) the human eye and that it was a development
OE
Most versions of the sentence attempt to use pronouns to refer to either parts of the main clause or the entire main clause, and none of these versions effectively convey logical meanings. Only the version that uses an abstract appositive to modify the entire main clause effectively conveys a logical meaning.
The results of experiments performed by Sir Frederick William Herschel indicated that there was a form of light not visible to the human eye, which was a development that led to the discovery of infrared.
(A) the human eye, which was a development
The relative pronoun “which” could refer to the entire preceding clause, a pronoun-referent relationship not preferred by the GMAT. Alternatively, “which” could refer to “a form of light” or to “the human eye.” So, the meaning of this version is somewhat ambiguous.
So, the combination of ambiguity and a pronoun’s possibly referring to a clause makes this choice clearly inferior to choice (D), which uses an abstract appositive to concisely convey a clear meaning.
(B) human eyes, which were developments
The modifier “which were developments …” seems to modify “human eyes.” Since it does not make sense that “human eyes” would be the developments leading to the discovery of infrared, this version does not make sense.
(C) the human eye, and these were developments
Whether “these” refers to “results” or “experiments” is not clear.
Further, regardless of which of those nouns “these” refers to, the sentence does not make sense, as it does not make sense that the “results” or the “experiments” would be the developments leading to the discovery of infrared.
Incorrect Answer
(D) human eyes, a development
In this version, the abstract appositive “a development leading to the discovery of infrared” modifies the entire preceding clause, and the resulting sentence clearly conveys that the results’ indicating that there was a form of light not visible to human eyes was a development leading to the discovery of infrared.
Notice, this correct answer uses “human eyes” rather than the more conventional “the human eye.” While using “the human eye” would probably be better than using “human eyes,” the use of “human eyes” is acceptable and serves the purpose of obscuring the fact that this choice is the correct answer, partly because there seems to be an agreement issue, since “human eyes” is plural, while “a development” is singular.
Correct Answer
(E) the human eye and that it was a development
The pronoun “it” could refer to “form of light” or to “the human eye,” but neither would be a development leading to the discovery of infrared.
Correct answer: D