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06 Jul 2025, 13:54
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B
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79%
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The size of an animal usually correlates with its lifespan. Some birds may live only for seven years, whereas an elephant may live up to fifty. Yet, research on the average lifespan of animals has revealed that bats can live up to forty years, despite their body mass being less than one-thousandth that of an elephant's. Some scientists have found that bats’ cells are unusually resistant to developing tumours, though it’s noteworthy that bat cells require less genetic damage to become cancerous compared to human cells. Further research has revealed the presence of a tumour-suppressing gene within animal cells—P53. Since P53 appears to play a role in bats’ resistance to cancer, and humans—who are more prone to tumours—do not exhibit similar longevity or resistance, it must be that this gene does not function in the same way within human cells.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Bats and humans are exposed to roughly similar levels of environmental factors that could contribute to the development of cancer.
B. The gene P53 functions in a way that can significantly influence an organism’s susceptibility to cancer.
C. Tumour development is the primary factor limiting the lifespan of small-bodied animals such as bats.
D. No other genetic or physiological mechanisms beyond P53 account for the bats' resistance to tumours.
E. All animals that possess the P53 gene exhibit resistance to cancer.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Bats and humans are exposed to roughly similar levels of environmental factors that could contribute to the development of cancer.
B. The gene P53 functions in a way that can significantly influence an organism’s susceptibility to cancer.
C. Tumour development is the primary factor limiting the lifespan of small-bodied animals such as bats.
D. No other genetic or physiological mechanisms beyond P53 account for the bats' resistance to tumours.
E. All animals that possess the P53 gene exhibit resistance to cancer.
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Expert reply
06 Jul 2025, 22:07
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Answer: B
P53 must significantly impact cancer risk, or the argument about its different functioning in humans falls apart.
A. Not needed—different environments don't weaken the gene-based argument.
C. Argument doesn’t depend on lifespan causes, only cancer resistance.
D. Too extreme—the argument doesn’t rule out other factors.
E. Irrelevant—focus is only on bats vs. humans, not all animals.
Pankaj Jindal | myGMATbuddy| GMAT Classic 730 | IIM Bangalore
Success story: https://gmatclub.com/forum/how-i-scored ... l#p3588949
P53 must significantly impact cancer risk, or the argument about its different functioning in humans falls apart.
A. Not needed—different environments don't weaken the gene-based argument.
C. Argument doesn’t depend on lifespan causes, only cancer resistance.
D. Too extreme—the argument doesn’t rule out other factors.
E. Irrelevant—focus is only on bats vs. humans, not all animals.
Pankaj Jindal | myGMATbuddy| GMAT Classic 730 | IIM Bangalore
Success story: https://gmatclub.com/forum/how-i-scored ... l#p3588949
Priya93harry
06 Jul 2025, 22:45
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can someone please explain this?
what i've understood is:-
Conclusion - the gene P53 functions differently in various animals thereby causing a difference in resistance to cancer between humans and bats.
Assumption - there is no other cause for cancer resistance in bats
Negation - "There are other causes for cancer resistance in bats" This faults the conclusion because then gene P53 would be functioning similarly in all animals.
Therefore, shouldnt the correct choice be 'D' instead of 'B'. Because choice 'B' is already given in the paragraph, it isnt an assumption.
what i've understood is:-
Conclusion - the gene P53 functions differently in various animals thereby causing a difference in resistance to cancer between humans and bats.
Assumption - there is no other cause for cancer resistance in bats
Negation - "There are other causes for cancer resistance in bats" This faults the conclusion because then gene P53 would be functioning similarly in all animals.
Therefore, shouldnt the correct choice be 'D' instead of 'B'. Because choice 'B' is already given in the paragraph, it isnt an assumption.
