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ChiranjeevSingh
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30 Oct 2020, 04:59
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Here's the official explanation provided by the GMAC for this question:
This sentence presents multiple relationships among concepts and modifiers and between present and future situations. The original version expresses these with nonstandard wording and with a structure that makes the relationships a little unclear.
Option A: The phrase is projected at ten percent is a nonstandard way of telling how much the cost is projected to be. At ten percent appears to tell how or where the projection is made or to indicate that that the cost is aimed (like a projectile) at a certain percentage. Given the placement of by the end of the decade , it is unclear whether that phrase is supposed to modify price per barrel or is projected .
Option B: The cost … by meeting is unidiomatic. The cost … of meeting would be clearer and far more standard.
Option C: The phrase is projected at ten percent is a nonstandard way of telling how much the cost is projected to be. At ten percent appears to tell how or where the projection is made or to indicate that that the cost is aimed (like a projectile) at a certain percentage. That phrase, in combination with the poorly placed modifier by the end of the decade , makes the representation of the time sequence illogical; it indicates literally that the projection is at ten percent and is currently occurring by the end of the decade.
Option D: The time sequence represented here makes no sense ( the cost … is estimated at … by the end of the decade ). The position of the initial modifying phrase makes the intended meaning unclear; this sentence appears to say that the purpose of arriving at the ten percent estimation was to meet environmental regulations.
Option E: E Correct. This is slightly more convoluted than some of the alternatives, but the advantage is that this structure makes the wording more precise and avoids the appearance of saying that the current estimate is made at a future time.
The correct answer is E.
Please note that I'm not the author of this explanation. I'm just posting it here since I believe it can help the community.
This sentence presents multiple relationships among concepts and modifiers and between present and future situations. The original version expresses these with nonstandard wording and with a structure that makes the relationships a little unclear.
Option A: The phrase is projected at ten percent is a nonstandard way of telling how much the cost is projected to be. At ten percent appears to tell how or where the projection is made or to indicate that that the cost is aimed (like a projectile) at a certain percentage. Given the placement of by the end of the decade , it is unclear whether that phrase is supposed to modify price per barrel or is projected .
Option B: The cost … by meeting is unidiomatic. The cost … of meeting would be clearer and far more standard.
Option C: The phrase is projected at ten percent is a nonstandard way of telling how much the cost is projected to be. At ten percent appears to tell how or where the projection is made or to indicate that that the cost is aimed (like a projectile) at a certain percentage. That phrase, in combination with the poorly placed modifier by the end of the decade , makes the representation of the time sequence illogical; it indicates literally that the projection is at ten percent and is currently occurring by the end of the decade.
Option D: The time sequence represented here makes no sense ( the cost … is estimated at … by the end of the decade ). The position of the initial modifying phrase makes the intended meaning unclear; this sentence appears to say that the purpose of arriving at the ten percent estimation was to meet environmental regulations.
Option E: E Correct. This is slightly more convoluted than some of the alternatives, but the advantage is that this structure makes the wording more precise and avoids the appearance of saying that the current estimate is made at a future time.
The correct answer is E.
Please note that I'm not the author of this explanation. I'm just posting it here since I believe it can help the community.
27 Jun 2021, 13:33
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"The United States petroleum industry’s cost"
This possessive sounds extraordinarily ungainly. Im not the expert to tell whether it's grammatically correct, but it definitely isnt stylistically elegant, or even okay.
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This possessive sounds extraordinarily ungainly. Im not the expert to tell whether it's grammatically correct, but it definitely isnt stylistically elegant, or even okay.
Posted from my mobile device
19 Sep 2021, 09:14
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Correct Option : E
Sentence Exam on:
1. Modifier
2. Idiom "Cost to"
Some learning :
the use of Preposition "To"
1. Preposition always follow Noun, Pronoun, and gerund.
2. "To" when indicating that there is movement from one place to another, Noun, indicate to someone etc
this is the reason Cost to Noun is correct
Anything which is not "cost to" eliminated B, and C
(B) The United States petroleum industry’s cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum. - Wrong
(C) By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry’s cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum. - Wrong
Eliminate A - Cost to Meet, it is verb
(A) The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(D) To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
- It has modifier error (Dangling Modifier error), which makes intended meaning of sentence demean
- Eliminate D
(E) It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum
With correct use of Prepositional phrase, Correct placement of Modifier - E is our Best choice
Sentence Exam on:
1. Modifier
2. Idiom "Cost to"
Some learning :
the use of Preposition "To"
1. Preposition always follow Noun, Pronoun, and gerund.
2. "To" when indicating that there is movement from one place to another, Noun, indicate to someone etc
this is the reason Cost to Noun is correct
Anything which is not "cost to" eliminated B, and C
(B) The United States petroleum industry’s cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum. - Wrong
(C) By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry’s cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum. - Wrong
Eliminate A - Cost to Meet, it is verb
(A) The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(D) To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
- It has modifier error (Dangling Modifier error), which makes intended meaning of sentence demean
- Eliminate D
(E) It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum
With correct use of Prepositional phrase, Correct placement of Modifier - E is our Best choice
