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29 Sep 2021, 01:30
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E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
66% (01:27) correct
34%
(01:37)
wrong
based on 253
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
The various processes of paper creation, apart from destroying millions of acres of forestland, cause acid rain, damage to the ozone, changes the climate, and human respiratory problems.
(A) cause acid rain, damage to the ozone, changes the climate, and human respiratory problems
(B) causes acid rain, damage to the ozone, human respiratory problems, and climate changes
(C) are a cause of the acid rain, damage to the ozone, human respiratory problems, and climate changes
(D) is the cause of acid rain, ozone damage, human respiratory problems, and climate changes
(E) cause acid rain, changes to the climate, ozone damage, and human respiratory problems
(A) cause acid rain, damage to the ozone, changes the climate, and human respiratory problems
(B) causes acid rain, damage to the ozone, human respiratory problems, and climate changes
(C) are a cause of the acid rain, damage to the ozone, human respiratory problems, and climate changes
(D) is the cause of acid rain, ozone damage, human respiratory problems, and climate changes
(E) cause acid rain, changes to the climate, ozone damage, and human respiratory problems
30 Sep 2021, 01:15
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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
The various processes of paper creation, apart from destroying millions of acres of forestland, cause acid rain, damage to the ozone, changes the climate, and human respiratory problems.
(A) cause acid rain, damage to the ozone, changes the climate, and human respiratory problems
Incorrect.
This answer choice is grammatically incorrect. The first, second and fourth items in the list at the end of the sentence are nouns (acid rain, damage to the ozone,...and human respiratory problems), but the third item is a verb (changes the climate).
In a list of 3 or more items, all the items should be the same part of speech.
What helps us identify this question as a Parallelism question as well as identify the mistake is the following Stop Sign:
- A list of 3 items or more, separated by commas and and/or before the last item.
(B) causes acid rain, damage to the ozone, human respiratory problems, and climate changes
Incorrect.
Although this answer choice corrects the original Parallelism error by replacing changes the climate (verb) to climate changes (noun) so that all the items are of the same part of speech, it creates a new grammatical mistake by changing cause to causes. The plural subject processes of paper creation does not agree with the singular verb causes.
What helps us identify this question as a Subject Verb Agreement question as well as identify the mistake is the following Stop Sign :
an X of Y subject
(C) are a cause of the acid rain, damage to the ozone, human respiratory problems, and climate changes
Incorrect.
Although this answer choice corrects the original Parallelism error by replacing changes the climate (verb) to climate changes (noun) so that all the items are of the same part of speech, it contains the wordy phrase are a cause of the acid rain.
(D) is the cause of acid rain, ozone damage, human respiratory problems, and climate changes
Incorrect.
Although this answer choice corrects the original Parallelism error by replacing changes the climate (verb) to climate changes (noun) so that all the items are of the same part of speech, it creates a new grammatical mistake by changing cause to is the cause. The plural subject processes of paper creation does not agree with the singular verb is.
(E) cause acid rain, changes to the climate, ozone damage, and human respiratory problems
This answer choice corrects the original Parallelism error by changing changes the climate to changes to the climate), thus creating a list of four nouns (acid rain, changes to the climate, ozone damage, and human respiratory problems).
Note how the corrected sentence altered the function of the word changes - from a verb to a noun, by adding the preposition to before the climate. In the original sentence, changes was a verb (=changes the climate). In the corrected sentence, changes is a noun. Adding the preposition to is what makes the difference: the "various processes..."no longer "change" the climate (verb), but rather "the processes...cause changes to the climate." (noun)
Note also that each one of three nouns in the corrected list is part of a noun phrase, which may include adjectives or other elements.
Updated on: 30 Sep 2021, 06:06
Originally posted by ExpertsGlobal5 on 30 Sep 2021, 00:45.
Last edited by ExpertsGlobal5 on 30 Sep 2021, 06:06, edited 2 times in total.
Last edited by ExpertsGlobal5 on 30 Sep 2021, 06:06, edited 2 times in total.
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Dear Friends,
Here is a detailed explanation to this question -
Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended core meaning of this sentence is that the various processes of paper creation cause acid rain, changes to the climate, ozone damage, and human respiratory problems.
Concepts tested here: Subject - Verb Agreement + Meaning + Parallelism + Awkwardness/Redundancy
• All elements in a list must be parallel.
A: This answer choice fails to maintain parallelism among "acid rain", "damage to the ozone", "changes the climate", and "human respiratory problems", as "changes the climate" is a verb phrase and the others are noun phrases; please remember, all elements in a list must be parallel.
B: This answer choice incorrectly refers to the plural noun "processes" with the singular verb "causes".
C: This answer choice uses the needlessly wordy phrase "are a cause of", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.
D: This answer choice incorrectly refers to the plural noun "processes" with the singular verb "is". Further, Option D alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "the cause"; the use of "the" incorrectly implies that the various processes of paper creation the sole cause of acid rain, changes to the climate, ozone damage, and human respiratory problems; the intended meaning is that the various processes of paper creation cause acid rain, changes to the climate, ozone damage, and human respiratory problems; whether there are other causes is not mentioned. Besides, Option D uses the needlessly wordy phrase "is the cause of", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.
E: Correct. This answer choice correctly refers to the plural noun "processes" with the plural verb "cause". Further, Option E uses the phrase "various processes...cause", conveying the intended meaning - that the various processes of paper creation cause acid rain, changes to the climate, ozone damage, and human respiratory problems. Additionally, Option E correctly maintains parallelism among the noun phrases "acid rain", "changes to the climate", "ozone damage", and "human respiratory problems". Besides, Option E is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.
Hence, E is the best answer choice.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
Here is a detailed explanation to this question -
Bunuel
Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended core meaning of this sentence is that the various processes of paper creation cause acid rain, changes to the climate, ozone damage, and human respiratory problems.
Concepts tested here: Subject - Verb Agreement + Meaning + Parallelism + Awkwardness/Redundancy
• All elements in a list must be parallel.
A: This answer choice fails to maintain parallelism among "acid rain", "damage to the ozone", "changes the climate", and "human respiratory problems", as "changes the climate" is a verb phrase and the others are noun phrases; please remember, all elements in a list must be parallel.
B: This answer choice incorrectly refers to the plural noun "processes" with the singular verb "causes".
C: This answer choice uses the needlessly wordy phrase "are a cause of", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.
D: This answer choice incorrectly refers to the plural noun "processes" with the singular verb "is". Further, Option D alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "the cause"; the use of "the" incorrectly implies that the various processes of paper creation the sole cause of acid rain, changes to the climate, ozone damage, and human respiratory problems; the intended meaning is that the various processes of paper creation cause acid rain, changes to the climate, ozone damage, and human respiratory problems; whether there are other causes is not mentioned. Besides, Option D uses the needlessly wordy phrase "is the cause of", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.
E: Correct. This answer choice correctly refers to the plural noun "processes" with the plural verb "cause". Further, Option E uses the phrase "various processes...cause", conveying the intended meaning - that the various processes of paper creation cause acid rain, changes to the climate, ozone damage, and human respiratory problems. Additionally, Option E correctly maintains parallelism among the noun phrases "acid rain", "changes to the climate", "ozone damage", and "human respiratory problems". Besides, Option E is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.
Hence, E is the best answer choice.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
