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Updated on: 19 Jan 2020, 03:02
Originally posted by vineetgupta on 04 Dec 2006, 12:42.
Last edited by Bunuel on 19 Jan 2020, 03:02, edited 3 times in total.
Last edited by Bunuel on 19 Jan 2020, 03:02, edited 3 times in total.
Renamed the topic and edited the question.
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A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
76% (01:48) correct
24%
(02:19)
wrong
based on 1281
sessions
History
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Time
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Not Attempted Yet
There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before being published. There is a system in place for the confirmation or disconfirmation of scientific finding, namely, the replication of results by other scientists. Poor scientific work on the part of any one scientist, which can include anything from careless reporting practices to fraud, is not harmful. It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct the experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.
Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?
(A) Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.
(B) Most scientists work in universities, where their work is submitted to peer review before publication.
(C) Most scientists are under pressure to make their work accessible to the scrutiny of replication.
(D) In scientific experiments, careless reporting is more common than fraud.
(E) Most scientists work as part of a team rather than alone.
Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?
(A) Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.
(B) Most scientists work in universities, where their work is submitted to peer review before publication.
(C) Most scientists are under pressure to make their work accessible to the scrutiny of replication.
(D) In scientific experiments, careless reporting is more common than fraud.
(E) Most scientists work as part of a team rather than alone.
28 Jun 2012, 14:55
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The conclusion: no official confirmation of scientific work is not a problem because replication will sort out any inconsistencies.
Any answer choice that shows the replication process is somehow faulty will be sufficient to weaken the conclusion.
(A) Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.
If (A) is true, then the potential inconsistencies can go undetected for years. Such an occurrence can be very harmful. Essentially, erroneous information is being bandied about for years before any follow-up experiments can show this to be the case. Therefore, replication can only be successful if it is actually employed, and (A) successfully weakens the conclusion.
(B) Most scientists work in universities, where their work is submitted to peer review before publication.
This does not address the argument.
(C) Most scientists are under pressure to make their work accessible to the scrutiny of replication.
This answer choice would strengthen the argument, if anything. Even less need for confirmation.
(D) In scientific experiments, careless reporting is more common than fraud.
While this may be true, the argument contends that replication will take care of this careless reporting.
(E) Most scientists work as part of a team rather than alone.
This does not address the argument.
Any answer choice that shows the replication process is somehow faulty will be sufficient to weaken the conclusion.
(A) Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.
If (A) is true, then the potential inconsistencies can go undetected for years. Such an occurrence can be very harmful. Essentially, erroneous information is being bandied about for years before any follow-up experiments can show this to be the case. Therefore, replication can only be successful if it is actually employed, and (A) successfully weakens the conclusion.
(B) Most scientists work in universities, where their work is submitted to peer review before publication.
This does not address the argument.
(C) Most scientists are under pressure to make their work accessible to the scrutiny of replication.
This answer choice would strengthen the argument, if anything. Even less need for confirmation.
(D) In scientific experiments, careless reporting is more common than fraud.
While this may be true, the argument contends that replication will take care of this careless reporting.
(E) Most scientists work as part of a team rather than alone.
This does not address the argument.
02 Mar 2021, 05:45
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vineetgupta
There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before being published. There is a system in place for the confirmation or disconfirmation of scientific finding, namely, the replication of results by other scientists. Poor scientific work on the part of any one scientist, which can include anything from careless reporting practices to fraud, is not harmful. It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct the experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.
Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?
(A) Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.
(B) Most scientists work in universities, where their work is submitted to peer review before publication.
(C) Most scientists are under pressure to make their work accessible to the scrutiny of replication.
(D) In scientific experiments, careless reporting is more common than fraud.
(E) Most scientists work as part of a team rather than alone.
Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?
(A) Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.
(B) Most scientists work in universities, where their work is submitted to peer review before publication.
(C) Most scientists are under pressure to make their work accessible to the scrutiny of replication.
(D) In scientific experiments, careless reporting is more common than fraud.
(E) Most scientists work as part of a team rather than alone.
Official Explanation
This question asks us to weaken the argument. Typically, to solve such questions, you need to show that a suppressed premise is not likely to be true. The assumption of the argument is that before shoddy scientific work can do harm it will be exposed by the work of other scientists. Look at choice (A). It directly attacks this assumption by stating that years can pass before the false work is exposed. The answer is (A).
