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D
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Difficulty:
45%
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Question Stats:
67% (01:53) correct
33%
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wrong
based on 786
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Three-year-old Sara and her playmate Michael are both ill and have the same symptoms. Since they play together every afternoon, Sara probably has the same illness as Michael does. Since Michael definitely does not have a streptococcal infection, despite his having some symptoms of one, the illness that Sara has is definitely not a streptococcal infection either.
The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument
(A) presupposes what it sets out to prove
(B) mistakes the cause of a particular phenomenon for the effect of that phenomenon
(C) fails to distinguish between acute streptococcal infections on the one hand, and less severe streptococcal infections on the other
(D) treats evidence that the conclusion is probably true as if that evidence establishes the certainty of the conclusion
(E) makes a general claim based on particular examples that do not adequately represent the respective groups that they are each intended to represent
The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument
(A) presupposes what it sets out to prove
(B) mistakes the cause of a particular phenomenon for the effect of that phenomenon
(C) fails to distinguish between acute streptococcal infections on the one hand, and less severe streptococcal infections on the other
(D) treats evidence that the conclusion is probably true as if that evidence establishes the certainty of the conclusion
(E) makes a general claim based on particular examples that do not adequately represent the respective groups that they are each intended to represent
16 May 2017, 19:08
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this question is from LSAT Prep Test 19, Section 4, Question 1. The correct answer has to be D. Please change it in the question.
Let us simplify the argument given --
Premise
1. Sara and Michael both ill and have same symptoms
2. they play together every afternoon
3. Hence, they probably have the same illness
4. Michael does not have streptococcal infection (despite having some symptoms of that infection)
Conclusion
Sara definitely does not have a streptococcal infection
Note that there is a shift from "probably have the same illness" to the conclusion "definitely does not have streptococcal infection".
This is the error in reasoning here -- which answer option mentions this? Option D.
Let us look at other answer options --
Option A - Incorrect
the argument does not exactly presuppose what it concludes -- the premise talks about a "probable" event, the conclusion "definite" event.
Option B - Incorrect
Cause and effect scenario is mentioned here in points 2 and 3 -- play together --> probably have the same disease
No mistaking effect for cause is done here.
Option C - Incorrect
"acute vs less severe" is irrelevant to the conclusion
Option E - Incorrect
We are not "generalizing" from the cases of Michael and Sara.
Let us simplify the argument given --
Premise
1. Sara and Michael both ill and have same symptoms
2. they play together every afternoon
3. Hence, they probably have the same illness
4. Michael does not have streptococcal infection (despite having some symptoms of that infection)
Conclusion
Sara definitely does not have a streptococcal infection
Note that there is a shift from "probably have the same illness" to the conclusion "definitely does not have streptococcal infection".
This is the error in reasoning here -- which answer option mentions this? Option D.
Let us look at other answer options --
Option A - Incorrect
the argument does not exactly presuppose what it concludes -- the premise talks about a "probable" event, the conclusion "definite" event.
Option B - Incorrect
Cause and effect scenario is mentioned here in points 2 and 3 -- play together --> probably have the same disease
No mistaking effect for cause is done here.
Option C - Incorrect
"acute vs less severe" is irrelevant to the conclusion
Option E - Incorrect
We are not "generalizing" from the cases of Michael and Sara.
ravigupta2912
08 Apr 2020, 03:21
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(A) presupposes what it sets out to prove -- Lets keep this. Sounds similar to how the passage is worded.
(B) mistakes the cause of a particular phenomenon for the effect of that phenomenon -- Incorrect. The passage does not confuse between the causal relationship of symptoms (causes) and diseases (effect).
(C) fails to distinguish between acute streptococcal infections on the one hand, and less severe streptococcal infections on the other -- Incorrect. Completely out of scope.
(D) treats evidence that the conclusion is probably true as if that evidence establishes the certainty of the conclusion -- Correct and better choice than A. The premise is worded as such "probably" have the same disease and the conclusion says "definitely" not have disease X. Therefore, the passage extrapolates evidence for conclusion probably being true to certainly being true.
(E) makes a general claim based on particular examples that do not adequately represent the respective groups that they are each intended to represent -- Incorrect. Out of scope. We aren't talking of any group here.
(B) mistakes the cause of a particular phenomenon for the effect of that phenomenon -- Incorrect. The passage does not confuse between the causal relationship of symptoms (causes) and diseases (effect).
(C) fails to distinguish between acute streptococcal infections on the one hand, and less severe streptococcal infections on the other -- Incorrect. Completely out of scope.
(D) treats evidence that the conclusion is probably true as if that evidence establishes the certainty of the conclusion -- Correct and better choice than A. The premise is worded as such "probably" have the same disease and the conclusion says "definitely" not have disease X. Therefore, the passage extrapolates evidence for conclusion probably being true to certainly being true.
(E) makes a general claim based on particular examples that do not adequately represent the respective groups that they are each intended to represent -- Incorrect. Out of scope. We aren't talking of any group here.
) not watertight, it is reasonable. 
