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Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation 16 Jan 2014, 13:56
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C
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73% (01:03) correct 27% (01:09) wrong based on 582 sessions

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Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was unconstitutional, the Supreme Court heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation.

(A) heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation
(B) had heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation
(C) has heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation
(D) has heard cases in which lawyers debated what has constituted segregation
(E) was hearing cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation


Hi, I want to know why it is "has", please.
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C
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maaadhu
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Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation 16 Jan 2014, 14:14
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goodyear2013
Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was unconstitutional, the Supreme Court heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation.

(A) heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation
(B) had heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation
(C) has heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation
(D) has heard cases in which lawyers debated what has constituted segregation
(E) was hearing cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation


Hi, I want to know why it is "has", please.
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From 1954 to till now, Supreme Court is still hearing cases in which lawyers are debating what constituted segregation.

Since the action started in the past and continuing in the present, present perfect needs to be used.

So "usage of has" is correct.
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Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation 06 Sep 2014, 21:12
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goodyear2013
Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was unconstitutional, the Supreme Court heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation.

(A) heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation
(B) had heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation
(C) has heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation
(D) has heard cases in which lawyers debated what has constituted segregation
(E) was hearing cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation


Hi, I want to know why it is "has", please.
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Usually words like since,within....is followed by has + verb-ed..can eliminate most choices.
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Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation 06 Jun 2017, 11:19
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IMO C
It correctly indicates that the activitity is still going on


Sent from my ONE E1003 using GMAT Club Forum mobile app
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Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation 14 Jun 2017, 09:04
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Why is D wrong? What is wrong with "has" constituted?
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Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation 14 Jun 2017, 09:51
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Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was unconstitutional, the Supreme Court heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation.

The question tests the knowledge on

Meaning clarity, Tenses, Verb Usage



Meaning
Supreme Court ruled segregation was unconstitutional (At The Past)
From that time, there has been intense debate in Supreme Court as what can be categorized as constitution segregation (At past and present)

POE
Please consider the Red flag "Since"- Present perfect should be used
Options A, B, E can be eliminated due to the wrong usage of tenses

(A) heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation [Past]
(B) had heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation [Past perfect]
(C) has heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation
(D) has heard cases in which lawyers debated what has constituted segregation
(E) was hearing cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation [Past Continuous]

Between C and D
D. There is an ambiguity in meaning. This option says that the lawyers heard only the cases in which there has been a debate on constituted segregation
Hence Option C
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Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation 14 Jun 2017, 11:07
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Doesn't look like a Gmattish question. The shift of tense is blatantly gross.
It is accepted that the preposition 'since' entails a present perfect tense. When you use perfect tense for the main part, you must maintain that tense in other parts too. However, it is not clear why all the choices including those that use the perfect tense for the main part are not using the present perfect such as 'has debated' and 'has constituted' for the other parts too, including the supposedly correct choice C.
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Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation 20 Aug 2018, 08:12
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goodyear2013
Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was unconstitutional, the Supreme Court heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation.

(A) heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation
(B) had heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation
(C) has heard cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation
(D) has heard cases in which lawyers debated what has constituted segregation
(E) was hearing cases in which lawyers debated what constituted segregation


Hi, I want to know why it is "has", please.
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KAPLAN OFFICIAL EXPLANATION:



Since 1954 means that you're dealing with a process that began in the past and is still in progress. Therefore, has heard is better than heard, had heard, or was hearing because the perfect tense (has heard) describes a situation that began in the past and continues into the present. Eliminate (A), (B), and (E). (D) is wrong because changing constituted into the perfect has constituted unnecessarily changes the meaning of the sentence. Go with (C).
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Since 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation 03 Apr 2021, 05:16
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