Based on a study of a 10,000 person sample of the adult population of

Question

https://gmatclub.com/forum/download/file.php?id=81562 Based on a study of a 10,000 person sample of the adult population of Country Y, the unbroken curve on the graph plots an association between daily consumption of various amounts of Beverage Z and the relative risk of contracting Disease X compared to the risk with no consumption of Beverage Z (indicated by 1.00). For the entire adult population of Country Y, the relative-risk values could—because of sampling error—be either higher or lower than for the particular 10,000 person sample studied. Thus the two broken lines show the estimates of how high or how low those relative-risk values for that population could be. From the drop-down menus, select the options that create the statement that is most strongly supported by the information provided. Compared to the risk with no consumption of Beverage Z, the reduction in relative risk of contracting Disease X for adults of Country Y is GRAPH_1_PLACEHOLDER when the daily consumption of Beverage Z is in the range of GRAPH_2_PLACEHOLDER 100 mg glasses of Beverage Z are consumed daily. ID: 700269 GMAT-Club-Forum-p7bvgapm.png

egmat · Accepted Answer

A cursory glance at this question is likely to create that fear in your head that this is a very difficult question. But as you watch the video solution, you will realize that if you patiently read the complex language in the dataset as you read the chart, while drawing inferences as you go along, you will be in a much confident position when you get to the question statement, which is again pretty convoluted to understand if you do not ‘own the dataset’.

“Compared to the risk with no consumption of Beverage Z, the reduction in relative risk of contracting Disease X for adults of Country Y is ____ when the daily consumption of Beverage Z is in the range of ____ 100 mg glasses.”

Try reading the sentence above without thoroughly understanding the dataset and you will be clueless.

So, the key to solving this question correctly and confidently is spending the necessary time in understanding the dataset, even it it takes you 2’ to minute the dataset and the chart, spend that time since once you do that, you will be able to simplify the question statement and then arrive at the answer. This question is definitely not a time saver question so do not rush through it.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyTg-hOGJcc

chetan2u · Answer

The question talks of comparison on relative risk with no consumption of a beverage and some consuption of the beverage, so we are dealing with the straight line vs the curved line. The first blank talks of this relation and the options are: Unchanged: For unchanged, the two lines, straight and curved, should be superimposed on each other. But that is not the situation anywhere on the line graph. Discard. (Although the lines intersect at a certain time, but the second blank talks of range of number of glasses). Least: Least reduction will be when the two lines are close to each other. Greatest : Greatest reduction will be when the curved line is the farthest from staright line Let us now, relate least and greatest with second blank. 1-3 : It is not the lowest or greatest as the curved line is sloping downwards ( moves from 0.97 to 0.90), so reduction is neither the least nor the greatest. 4-6 : The curved line flattens at this location and is at the lowest point 0.90-0.92, so the reduction is the greatest in this range. 7-8: The curved line moves upwards from 0.93 to 0.95, thus neither the least nor the greatest. Correct combination: 1. Greatest 2. 4-6 GMAT-Club-Forum-b4iut5iw.png

Gprabhumir · Answer

How can the risk be 'greatest' when graph is going low between 4-6? Can someone explain please! BottomJee Bunuel GMAT-Club-Forum-om369ppm.png

chetan2u · Answer

The question is Reduction in the relative risk is Greatest, that is why the lowest point is the answer GMAT-Club-Forum-cw9hs4pm.png

Ayushi0002 · Answer

In the official question, the same question is under easy and here it is 95% tough, it has become extremely difficult to judge the accuracy of my preparation.

Iwillget770 · Answer

Hi Ayushii, GMATCLUB decides the difficulty on the basis of the statistics of attempts. https://gmatclub.com/forum/download/file.php?id=81581 So if you can see , this question has been attempted by 31 people. And out of 31 only 32% ie 10 people have attempted this correctly. So even if GMAC thinks this question as an easy one, students are finding it difficult . Hence, in GMATCLUB it is marked as Difficult. I hope you understand now. Regards GMAT-Club-Forum-8kp14ju9.png

Maxsparrow · Answer

The Graph is talking about relative risk, which mean the risk of drinking compared to not drinking at all (as mentioned in the description) Suppose by not drinking beverage Z the risk of contracting Disease X is 8% A person can get relative risk of 0.8 by drinking 500 ml Beverage Z a day. It means the real risk of contracting Disease X now = 0.8 * 8% = 6.4% Hence, the lower the value of the graph of relative risk means greater reduction of the risk GMAT-Club-Forum-h30tonqh.png

Anonymous · Answer

The question talks of comparison on relative risk with no consumption of a beverage and some consuption of the beverage, so we are dealing with the straight line vs the curved line. The first blank talks of this relation and the options are: Unchanged: For unchanged, the two lines, straight and curved, should be superimposed on each other. But that is not the situation anywhere on the line graph. Discard. (Although the lines intersect at a certain time, but the second blank talks of range of number of glasses). Least: Least reduction will be when the two lines are close to each other. Greatest : Greatest reduction will be when the curved line is the farthest from staright line Let us now, relate least and greatest with second blank. 1-3 : It is not the lowest or greatest as the curved line is sloping downwards ( moves from 0.97 to 0.90), so reduction is neither the least nor the greatest. Correct combination: 1. Greatest 2. 4-6 I agree with the greatest but in the ml of beverage I didnt understand why we chose 4-6 since the differences between 4-6 and 7-8 are the same (both increased by 0.02). Could you help me? GMAT-Club-Forum-txonhl23.png

KarishmaB · Answer

With no beverage, the risk of contracting X is 1 (for comparative measure) When 2 glasses of beverage are consumed daily, risk goes down to about .93. As you consume the beverage, risk of disease decreases. Use your imagination here for it to make sense. They say consumption of a glass of wine a day is good for your heart health. So say this data is about consumption of wine glasses vs heart health. As you consume 4, 5 or 6 wine glasses, your risk of heart health reduces to lower than 0.9 (as per the solid line). But as you start consuming more wine glasses, the positive effect goes away and the effect may even turn negative with too mamny wine glasses. So now we understand the graph. Compared to the risk with no consumption of Beverage Z, the reduction in relative risk of contracting Disease X for adults of Country Y is ___ when the daily consumption of Beverage Z is in the range of ____ 100 mg glasses. We are comparing with risk with no consumption i.e. we are comparing with the risk of 1. The reduction in the risk is maximum in the range of 4 - 6 glasses. (from 1 it goes to less than 0.9) For 1 -3 glasses and 7-8 glasses, the reduction is lower because the graph does not come down as much as it does for the 4-6 region. Mind you everything is being compared with the level of 1. The arrows show the reduction in various ranges. Screenshot 2024-04-04 at 11.43.34 AM.png Greatest reduction is in the 4 - 6 glasses range. ANSWER: greatest, 4-6 GMAT-Club-Forum-o7df0swy.png

RenB · Answer

Hi, KarishmaB chetan2u Bunuel I considered that the 'reduction in relative risk' in a particular range would imply how much is the reduction in that particular range. Thus I felt the qiestion is asking, in which range is the slope steepest. I can now see that this is not what the qs wanted. But how would the qs have been framed if it did want this? I am still having doubts in the interpretation. How can I avoid this type of mistake next time? GMAT-Club-Forum-mvm0hxxh.png

chetan2u · Answer

Hi,

The wordings reduction is greatest means we are looking at the numeric value that is farthest from the reference, so the least point of the graph is the answer.

But if it was what you thought it to be initially, the wordings would include 'change' or a similar meaning word.
When is the change in relative-risk the greatest? This would not restrict the answer to only reduction but whereever, the slope is the maximum.
Or
When is the change in reduvtion in relative-risk the greatest? This would now restrict the answer to only reduction.

Nymeria26 · Answer

chetan2u ,  KarishmaB  can you pls explain why we are not considering the dotted curves for comparison when question clearly asks about adult population in country Y.
In stem it is mentioned that dotted curves are for entire population and solid curve is for the 10k sample.
Of course in the dotted curves also, the reduction is greatest in 4-6 range. But I'm curious.

KarishmaB · Answer

Solid line is the data obtained from the study. The dotted lines show estimates possible for the population. We don't know where the actual value for the population lies. The dotted lines give us range in which the actual values for the population could lie. We don't know what the actual values are here so which line do we follow for the population? 
All three move together so we don't worry about them in this question.

D3N0 · Answer

The only reason this question would be answered wrong is to misread the line "reduction in relative risk of contracting Disease" (focus on the reduction part)

ManifestDreamMBA · Answer

This essentially is saying there is a 100% risk with no consumption. how much should you intake to reduce the risk. It is 4-6 glasses, which will lead to only 80% risk (lowest possible based on the graph). Hence, greatest reduction is at 4-6 GMAT-Club-Forum-quabi04m.png

Rickooreoisb · Answer

Is "mg" correct ? should it be ml ?

Compared to the risk with no consumption of Beverage Z, the reduction in relative risk of contracting Disease X for adults of Country Y is
when the daily consumption of Beverage Z is in the range of100 mg glasses.

Graph gives data in the form of ml, idk given there was no conversion given in the question I ignored it

Bunuel · Answer

It doesn’t affect the answer, but yes, it should be ml.

NetOrb · Answer

For which range *reduction* in relative risk is greatest- 
1-3 - it reduces from 0.97 to 0.9 
4-6 - 0.89 to 0.9 (flattish)
7-8 increases

So why is greatest and 1-3 not the answer?

And if we want to say risk is least? Then shouldnt least option be selected? 
But it specifically says reduction in risk
Not the lowest risk

egmat · Answer

Hi NetOrb,

You've spotted the exact word that trips almost everyone here, and your reading of the  slope  is actually correct. The catch is what "reduction" is measured  against .

Notice the comparison the sentence fixes for you:  "Compared to the risk with no consumption of Beverage Z..."  No consumption is the baseline, and that baseline sits at  1.00  on the y-axis. So the  reduction  at any point on the curve is:

reduction =  1.00  - (curve value at that point)

It is  not  the drop from the start of a range to the end of that range (that would be a slope, or a  change within  the range). The base never moves - it stays at  1.00  the whole time.

Reading it off the curve

1-3 glasses:  the curve sits around  0.97  down to ~ 0.90  - reduction of about  0.03 - 0.10 .

4-6 glasses:  the curve bottoms out near  0.88  - reduction of about  0.12 . This is where the curve is  farthest below 1.00 .

7-8 glasses:  the curve has climbed back to ~ 0.93  - reduction shrinks again.

So even though the curve is nearly flat in  4-6  (small slope), that flat part sits at the  lowest  value - meaning the gap below the  1.00  baseline is biggest there.  Greatest reduction = 4-6.

Your second point answers itself with this base: the question asks for the biggest reduction from  1.00 , which is the same location as the lowest risk value - so "greatest reduction" and "lowest risk" point to the same range,  4-6 .

Quick rehearsal to lock it in:  baseline =  100 . Suppose the curve reads  90  in the  1-3  range and  88  in the  4-6  range. Reduction is  100  -  90  =  10  versus  100  -  88  =  12 . The  12  wins - you always subtract from the fixed baseline, not from the previous range.

Answer: Dropdown 1: Greatest; Dropdown 2: 4-6

Based on a study of a 10,000 person sample of the adult population of

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