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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 6: A proposed regulation

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Tishaagarwal13

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(A) Companies that do not collect personal data will not gain any significant market share from those that do. - Irrelevant Out

(B) Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use. - This can be assumed because once the users are aware of the data collection practices, they may switch to software that collects less personal data - Keep

(C) The main reason for not adopting the proposed regulation cited above is to protect major software companies from losing market share. - The passage proposes a regulation. Nothing is mentioned about it being adopted or not - Out

(D) Only major software companies collect significant amounts of personal data from their users. - Out

(E) Disclosure laws should be designed such that software companies are allowed to collect data only if users have explicitly consented to each type of data being collected. - Out

Bunuel

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A proposed regulation requires that software companies must disclose all data collection practices upfront. If enacted, all software companies, especially major ones, would need to comply. As a result, many users may choose to switch to software that collects less personal data, causing some companies to lose significant market share.

The argument above assumes which of the following?

(A) Companies that do not collect personal data will not gain any significant market share from those that do.

(B) Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use.

(C) The main reason for not adopting the proposed regulation cited above is to protect major software companies from losing market share.

(D) Only major software companies collect significant amounts of personal data from their users.

(E) Disclosure laws should be designed such that software companies are allowed to collect data only if users have explicitly consented to each type of data being collected.

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Quote:

A proposed regulation requires that software companies must disclose all data collection practices upfront. If enacted, all software companies, especially major ones, would need to comply. As a result, many users may choose to switch to software that collects less personal data, causing some companies to lose significant market share.

The argument above assumes which of the following?

(A) Companies that do not collect personal data will not gain any significant market share from those that do.

(B) Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use.

(C) The main reason for not adopting the proposed regulation cited above is to protect major software companies from losing market share.

(D) Only major software companies collect significant amounts of personal data from their users.

(E) Disclosure laws should be designed such that software companies are allowed to collect data only if users have explicitly consented to each type of data being collected.

A) WRONG the argument is instead says the companies that collect less data will have more customers switch to them

B) CORRECT. If this is true then it would lead to users only switching softwares post disclosure, cause if they were already aware then them buying certain softwares would be by choice and the disclosure would not be news to them

C) WRONG opposite of what has been mentioned. There is not mention of "not adopting" the regulations

D) WRONG. The author mentions "all companies, especially major ones" not implying that only major software companies are the only one collecting significant data.

E) The argument is not about how the disclosure laws should be designed. Hence WRONG

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Answer is B.

Argument: Users tend to prefer software that collects less personal data.

(A) Companies that do not collect personal data will not gain any significant market share from those that do. Incorrect because argument implies the opposite.

(B) Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use. Correct because argument relies on assumption that users are using certain software despite the extent of data being collected from them because they are currently unaware, and once they become aware, the extent of data collected from them will not be acceptable to them, which will cause them to switch to a software that collects less personal data.

(C) The main reason for not adopting the proposed regulation cited above is to protect major software companies from losing market share. Incorrect because premise does not reference protections for major software companies.

(D) Only major software companies collect significant amounts of personal data from their users. Incorrect because premise applies to all software companies, especially major ones, but not exclusively to major ones.

(E) Disclosure laws should be designed such that software companies are allowed to collect data only if users have explicitly consented to each type of data being collected. Incorrect because this could an argument that follows the passage's argument, but this is not an assumption of the existing argument.

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Hi All,

Ans is B,

Reasoning: If the users already understand how their data is being used for increasing market share of the the companies, they would still share it once the regulation is implemented. But the option says they dont know so that means companies are using data and the users dont know the full extent to it.

So after the regulation is implemented, and the users know how their data is being used they may not share it. Hence market share of the companies will decrease.

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Bunuel

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(A) Companies that do not collect personal data will not gain any significant market share from those that do.
This contradicts the argument. The argument assumes that some companies will lose market share because users will switch to alternatives with less data collection. Therefore, this option does not align with the reasoning. Incorrect.

(B) Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use.
If users already understand how much data is being collected, the regulation would not significantly impact their behavior. The argument assumes that disclosure will reveal new information to users, prompting them to make different choices. This is necessary for the argument to hold. Correct.

(C) The main reason for not adopting the proposed regulation cited above is to protect major software companies from losing market share.
This might be a reason for opposition to the regulation, but it is not necessary to the argument. The argument focuses on the effect of the regulation on users' behavior, not why it might not be adopted. Incorrect.

(D) Only major software companies collect significant amounts of personal data from their users.
The argument does not rely on this assumption. The conclusion holds as long as some companies lose market share, regardless of whether only major companies or all companies collect significant data. Incorrect.

(E) Disclosure laws should be designed such that software companies are allowed to collect data only if users have explicitly consented to each type of data being collected.
This is about how the regulation should be structured, but it is not necessary for the argument. The argument assumes users will react to disclosure, not whether they provide explicit consent. Incorrect.

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Bunuel

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Conclusion: As a result, Many users may choose to switch to software that collects less personal data, causing some companies to lose significant market share.

Pre-thinking: "As a result" indicates that the only because of the change, users will choose software that collects less personal data. Hence, they are not aware upfront which software collect less personal data and the change in regulation will help them determine the same.

(A) Companies that do not collect personal data will not gain any significant market share from those that do.

This is not an assumption as its not necessary for the conclusion to hold true.

(B) Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use.

We can keep B. If some users do not currently understand the extent of personal data collected, and they are educated by the regulation change, it is possible that the users may choose to switch to software that collects less personal data.

(C) The main reason for not adopting the proposed regulation cited above is to protect major software companies from losing market share.

Why the regulation is being enacted is not our concern. Eliminate C.

(D) Only major software companies collect significant amounts of personal data from their users.

Irrelevant. We don't need to know which companies collect significant personal data. Eliminate D.

(E) Disclosure laws should be designed such that software companies are allowed to collect data only if users have explicitly consented to each type of data being collected.

Irrelevant to the argument and to draw the conclusion. Eliminate E.

Option B

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The argument concludes that due to the new regulation, many users may choose to switch to software that collects less personal data. On prethinking we can see that the argument assumes that users currently do not understand the extent of data collection. Because if they already knew they would have already started using another software.

option C is the correct answer as it goes with our pre thinking.

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(A) Companies that do not collect personal data will not gain any significant market share from those that do. Share gain by other companies is irrelevant

(B) Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use. Some may not understand. But Many?

(C) The main reason for not adopting the proposed regulation cited above is to protect major software companies from losing market share. Future action is Out of context

(D) Only major software companies collect significant amounts of personal data from their users. Correct. if companies with low shares also collect info, why will these people shift?

(E) Disclosure laws should be designed such that software companies are allowed to collect data only if users have explicitly consented to each type of data being collected. Future action is out of context

Answer D

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IMO, the answer should be (B) Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use.

The argument assumes that users may switch to software with less data collection because they are unaware of the extent of data being collected. Negating (B) would mean users already understand the data collection, which would weaken the argument about disclosure motivating switching behavior. If users understood the data practices upfront, they might not be as motivated to switch.

The other options don’t directly support the argument:
(A) Talks about market share but doesn’t explain user behavior.
(C) Is unrelated to user understanding of data practices.
(D) Focuses only on major companies, but the argument applies to all software companies.
(E) Is about the design of disclosure laws, which doesn’t address the user’s reaction to those laws.

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Conclusion: many users may choose to switch to software that collects less personal data, causing some companies to lose significant market share.

(A) Companies that do not collect personal data will not gain any significant market share from those that do.
This is against the conclusion

(B) Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use.
This is the assumption. If all users have been aware of the extent of data collection, the new regulation will have no impact.

(C) The main reason for not adopting the proposed regulation cited above is to protect major software companies from losing market share.
irrelevant. We are not advocating for anything here

(D) Only major software companies collect significant amounts of personal data from their users.
irrelevant to the question.

(E) Disclosure laws should be designed such that software companies are allowed to collect data only if users have explicitly consented to each type of data being collected.
irrelevant to the question.

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Argument:

Proposed Regulation: Software companies must tell users all their data collection practices up front.
Impact:
- Major companies need to follow this rule.
- Result: Many users might switch to software that collects less personal data.
- This could cause some companies to lose market share.

What the Argument Assumes:
For the argument to work, it must believe something that isn't directly stated. Here, it assumes:
Option B: Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use.
Why Option B is the Assumption:

If users already know how much data is being collected, the regulation won't change their behavior.
The argument relies on the idea that by disclosing data practices, users will decide to switch to less invasive software.
This only happens if users weren't fully aware before the regulation.

Answer:
B. Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use.

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Premise - if the regulation is enacted, all companies, major ones, would need to comply and ask for more personal information.

Conclusion - people would THEN switch to other companies causing significant loss to those companies.

A - companies that do not collect data are out of scope. We need to connect people opting out to companies losing profit. ELIMINATE

B - This says some users don’t currently understand the extent of information shared. Once they get to know about it, they might choose to leave. KEEP

C - this does not answer why would people choose to switch companies. ELIMINATE

D - even if all major companies collect data, people are already subscribed to companies. This doesn’t tell why would they switch. ELIMINATE

E - this is more of a suggestion than an assumption. ELIMINATE

FINAL ANSWER - Option B

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For assumption, the negation of the option should weaken the conclusion -

(A) Companies that do ~~not~~ collect personal data will not gain any significant market share from those that do - Negation doesn't weaken the argument - Eliminate

(B) Most users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use - Negation doesn't weaken the conclusion - Eliminate

(C) The main reason for ~~not~~ adopting the proposed regulation cited above is to protect major software companies from losing market share - The conclusion is not about the adoption or the protection - Eliminate

(D) Some/Many/All major software companies collect significant amounts of personal data from their users - Negation doesn't weaken - Eliminate

(E) Disclosure laws should not be designed such that software companies are allowed to collect data only if users have explicitly consented to each type of data being collected -

If this is the case, even if the customer hasn't consented to it - the data will be collected. If that's the case, no person would switch as everyone is collecting data without consent. Hence, weakening the argument

IMO E

Bunuel

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Bunuel

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This is an assumption question
Disclose all data => ? => users switch from major software to software that collect less personal data

So we need to search for something resulting the user from switching from major software to other software

(A) Other software company not gain any significant market share not constitute causation relationship to switch software (x)
(B) If user not understand, then they may not switch software (weaken) (x)
(C) Protect from losing market share is at major software companies' angle, not customer (x)
(D) When users acknowledge the personal data is collected from major companies, it constitute a causation relationship for users to switch to other software that collect less personal data (v)
(E) Allow disclosure after users will not result user switch to other software that collect less personal data

Therefore the answer is D

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Statement : Disclosing data collection regulation will cause major ones to comply, due to which users might opt to other software - causing loss of market share

Options

A - This has not been implied in the statement
B - This is implied as users are shifting to less data collecting software
C - This is not mentioned in the passage
D - This is not mentioned in the passage
E - This talks about the laws being designed differently - which is not the assumption

OPTION B

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To evaluate the argument, we need to identify the underlying assumption it makes. The argument postulates that the disclosure of data collection practices will lead to users switching to software that collects less personal data, but this only makes sense if users are currently unaware of the extent of data collection. Without this assumption, the disclosure wouldn't lead to a change in user behavior.

(A) Companies that do not collect personal data will not gain any significant market share from those that do.
Probably false. Non-data-collecting companies can perfectly gain significant market share. INCORRECT

(B) Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use.
This is the key assumption in the argument. If users already knew how much data their current software collects, the disclosure wouldn't change their behavior. The argument assumes that users are not fully aware of the data collection practices and that once this information is disclosed, they may be more likely to switch to software that collects less personal data. CORRECT

(C) The main reason for not adopting the proposed regulation cited above is to protect major software companies from losing market share.
The argument does not discuss why the regulation might not be adopted. Instead, it focuses on the consequences of the regulation being enacted. The assumption is not about the reasons for not adopting the regulation, but about the impact of disclosure. INCORRECT

(D) Only major software companies collect significant amounts of personal data from their users.
This is not assumed in the argument. While major companies may be more likely to collect significant amounts of data, the argument does not depend on this being the case. The focus is on the impact of the regulation and whether users will shift their behavior, not on the specific companies involved. INCORRECT

(E) Disclosure laws should be designed such that software companies are allowed to collect data only if users have explicitly consented to each type of data being collected.
The argument assumes that the regulation will lead to the disclosure of data collection practices but does not specify the form the regulation should take, such as whether it requires explicit consent for each type of data. INCORRECT

IMO B

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(A) Companies that do not collect personal data will not gain any significant market share from those that do.
This directly contradicts the argument, which assumes that companies collecting less personal data would gain market share. Thus the argument doesent assume the above statement

(B) Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use.
For the regulation to cause users to switch to software collecting less personal data, it must be true that users are not fully aware of current practices. The regulation would provide them with the necessary information to make different choices.
Thus the argument assumes the above statement

(C) The main reason for not adopting the proposed regulation cited above is to protect major software companies from losing market share.
The argument focuses on the effect of the regulation if enacted, not the reasons for resisting it. This is not in the scope of our argument. Thus the argument doesent assume the above statement

(D) Only major software companies collect significant amounts of personal data from their users.
The argument does not depend on whether major companies are the only ones collecting significant data. It merely states that all companies, especially major ones, would need to comply. Thus the argument doesent assume the above statement

(E) Disclosure laws should be designed such that software companies are allowed to collect data only if users have explicitly consented to each type of data being collected.
This option discusses how disclosure laws should be designed, which is not relevant to the argument's assumption about the regulation’s effect on user behavior. Thus the argument doesent assume the above statement

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[color=#000000](A) Companies that do not collect personal data will not gain any significant market share from those that do.
[/color]

[color=#0f0f0f]This is [/color]contrary[color=#0f0f0f] to conclusion, which suggests that Companies that do not collect personal data may gain [/color]market share.

[color=#000000](B) Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use.
[/color]

[color=#0f0f0f]This assumption is correct as it suggests that users will switch to better apps if they become aware of data collection practices.
[/color]

[color=#000000](C) The main reason for not adopting the proposed regulation cited above is to protect major software companies from losing market share.
[/color]

[color=#000000]Irrelevant, as the author does not focus on reasons for not adopting the regulation[/color]

[color=#000000](D) Only major software companies collect significant amounts of personal data from their users.
[/color]

[color=#0f0f0f]The author does not suggest that only major companies collect data.
[/color]

[color=#000000](E) Disclosure laws should be designed such that software companies are allowed to collect data only if users have explicitly consented to each type of data being collected.
[/color]

Irrelevant[color=#000000] as author focuses on disclosure and not user's consent for data collection.[/color]

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(A) Focuses on whether companies that don't collect personal data will gain market share, which isn't the main point of the argument

(B) If some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection, then once they are made aware, they might switch to other softwares that collect less data - Correct

(C) Talks about protecting companies from losing market share, which isn't the focus of the argument

(D) Restricts data collection to major software companies, which isn't stated or implied by the argument

(E) Introduces a new idea about explicit consent that is unrelated to the core assumption of the argument

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The argument assumes that users will switch to software that collects less data once they are fully informed about data collection practices.

(A) Companies that do not collect personal data will not gain any significant market share from those that do.
The argument assumes users will switch to software with less data collection and these companies could gain market share.

(B) Some users do not currently understand the extent of data collection involved in the software they use. CORRECT
This is the correct option. The argument is based on the idea that disclosure will inform users, and this new awareness will prompt users to switch to software that collects less data. If users already understood the extent of data collection, the disclosure would not have an impact. Therefore, the argument assumes that users do not currently understand the data that is being collected.

(C) The main reason for not adopting the proposed regulation cited above is to protect major software companies from losing market share.
The argument does not discuss the reasons for not adopting the regulation. It only explains the potential effect of the regulation. The focus is on the impact of disclosure, not on the reasons for adopting or rejecting the regulation.

(D) Only major software companies collect significant amounts of personal data from their users.
The argument doesn’t claim that only major companies collect significant amounts of data. It simply states that the regulation will apply to all companies, especially the major ones.

(E) Disclosure laws should be designed such that software companies are allowed to collect data only if users have explicitly consented to each type of data being collected.
The argument focuses on the effect of the regulation requiring disclosure, not on the specifics of how the law should regulate consent for data collection.

Answer B