So in the question here, there are primarily two criteria which are advanced for increased capacity of innovation by cross-functional teams:
i) The frequent movement and mobility working across different teams using various mental models;
ii) Being observed by Seniors and learning under their guidance using those cognitive tools.
Now having completed the Pre-thinking required to understand and solve this question, let us analyze the options:
A - This is not relevant. We are not on higher rates of interdepartmental connection or communication. We're on fostering innovation.
B - This option is a trap. It just says that Companies situated in innovation heavy industries are
more likely to use cross-functional teams but they don't specifically answer the question of why innovation is prompted as a result of feedback by Seniors and using various mental models.
C - This is against the question. It weakens the scope and is irrelevant to what we are looking for.
D -
CORRECT. This option clearly provides a Y/N parallel to test out the Consultant's argument. It clearly rules out that when mental models are used by cross functional teams vs. non-cross teams, then there is no large difference in innovation as such. But we are not on this point. We are on the point that using mental models +
being observed by Seniors and receiving feedback.... both are essential for innovation and improvement. Therefore, the test clearly if implemented strengthens the Consultant's argument that it is both required for proving the same.
E - All this gives is a generic repetition of the argument itself. Yes we know that those that work across cross-functional teams are likely to be more innovative than those that remain fixed onto their silos. However, this doesn't advance the argument. It just projects it as coincidental and more likely.