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Updated on: 27 Jun 2021, 00:58
Originally posted by Sajjad1994 on 19 Jan 2021, 23:30.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 27 Jun 2021, 00:58, edited 1 time in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 27 Jun 2021, 00:58, edited 1 time in total.
Added Qs 4-7
Kudos
Bookmarks
Question 1
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
50% (03:03) correct
50%
(03:14) wrong
based on 779
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
75% (01:06) correct 25%
(01:16) wrong
based on 804
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
86% (00:37) correct 14%
(00:51) wrong
based on 754
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
61% (00:50) correct 39%
(01:02) wrong
based on 621
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 5
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
85%
(hard)
Question Stats:
37% (01:26) correct 63%
(01:32) wrong
based on 616
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 6
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
65% (00:43) correct 35%
(00:48) wrong
based on 595
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 7
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
75%
(hard)
Question Stats:
45% (01:18) correct 55%
(01:22) wrong
based on 577
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Traditional means of reducing traffic congestion promote supply-side solutions: expanding the supply of roads and highways. However, recent attempts at traffic control have concentrated on the demand side by encouraging carpooling and mass transit through the use of tolls and parking fees. Even used together, these strategies are doomed to fail in the long run because of the high cost of supplementing the existing infrastructure and because of the difficulty of effecting lasting changes on people's driving habits. If a high-occupancy-vehicle lane is built, for example, commuters may be temporarily persuaded to carpool to avoid congestion, but as the amount of traffic in those lanes inevitably grows, the advantages of carpooling begin to diminish. Furthermore, as highways around our major cities continue to be expanded to relieve the problem, valuable land is used up, threatening to overrun those cities with a tangled web of concrete.
Luckily, technology has provided what may be at least a partial solution. In Hong Kong, Paris, and other cities, congestion pricing has been tried with encouraging results. Instead of charging a flat toll for road use, congestion pricing, which employs pre-purchased magnetic cards, charges higher per-mile rates for using crowded roads during peak hours. Since the strategy affects price, it is a demand-side policy, but its advantage is that it targets not just one segment of the driving public but all drivers using a particular road. Other demand-side strategies (such as staggered work hours and employer transportation rebates) tend mainly to affect commuters. Congestion pricing may also relieve the often interminable lines at toll booths during rush hours.
Luckily, technology has provided what may be at least a partial solution. In Hong Kong, Paris, and other cities, congestion pricing has been tried with encouraging results. Instead of charging a flat toll for road use, congestion pricing, which employs pre-purchased magnetic cards, charges higher per-mile rates for using crowded roads during peak hours. Since the strategy affects price, it is a demand-side policy, but its advantage is that it targets not just one segment of the driving public but all drivers using a particular road. Other demand-side strategies (such as staggered work hours and employer transportation rebates) tend mainly to affect commuters. Congestion pricing may also relieve the often interminable lines at toll booths during rush hours.
1. With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?
A. Political obstacles to congestion pricing could be overcome if public anger at traffic congestion becomes strong enough and effective demand-side policies are implemented in a coherent manner.
B. A government campaign to encourage carpooling may extend the amount of time commuters are willing to carpool, but it would eventually become an unproductive policy if it conflicted with plans for mass-transit systems.
C. Supply-side approaches to the problem of traffic congestion are not as likely to succeed as demand-side approaches that employ technology in order to affect the behavior of drivers more effectively.
D. The success of congestion pricing in Hong Kong and Paris ensures its success in the United States, as long as the systems implemented in the United States accurately duplicate the successful systems found in foreign countries.
E. Traffic congestion in highly populated urban areas is not a completely solvable problem, but supply-side strategies can go far in mitigating its worst effects.
2. The author implies that one of the reasons traditional demand-side approaches to the problem of traffic congestion have not worked is that
A. the cost of building new infrastructure is prohibitively high when compared with other solutions
B. politicians are wary of policies that appear to raise taxes, even if those taxes are spent to maintain local roads and highways
C. government programs that attempt to manipulate social desires are unpopular with the public
D. inducing long-term changes in the transportation behavior of individuals is difficult
E. the escalating costs of damage to the transportation infrastructure have not been matched by adequate increases in tolls and other road taxes
3. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. explain the reasons for the worsening problem of traffic congestion
B. argue that the costs of transportation will almost certainly continue to climb, no matter what policies are instituted
C. blame local politicians for their lack of courage in facing the problems of traffic congestion
D. show how traditional theories of supply and demand can help solve many contemporary mass-transit dilemmas
E. consider some possible solutions to the problem of traffic congestion
4. It can be inferred from the passage that a high-occupancy-vehicle lane
A. will ease traffic congestion for a while, allowing time for a more efficient system to be developed
B. will only contribute to carpool congestion
C. will be ineffective in changing people's driving habits in the long run
D. will unintentionally punish those drivers who do not contribute to traffic congestion
E. will persuade people to alter permanently their carpooling habits
5. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author's assertion that congestion pricing may offer a solution to the problems of traffic congestion?
A. Traffic in Hong Kong and Paris is much worse than in any other part of the world.
B. All of the cities where congestion pricing was implemented have similar traffic conditions.
C. In all the cities that attempted congestion pricing, there has also been a massive increase in the availability of convenient public transportation.
D. Pre-purchased magnetic cards while offering a feasible solution to traffic congestion will ultimately be rejected by the drivers of Europe as unwieldy and wasteful.
E. Drivers in congestion-pricing areas who are frequent road users have altered their driving times whenever possible, due in part to recently implemented staggered work hours.
6. According to the passage, which of the following would NOT be representative of a demand-side transportation policy?
I. Atoll road through a congested city
II. An increased parking fee in urban areas
III. Expanded roadways for high-occupancy vehicles
A. None
B. I only
C. II only
D. III only
E. II and III only
7. The passage suggests that the author believes one disadvantage of a supply-side response to the problem of traffic congestion is that
A. even at current levels, the number of roads and highways has taken overland that could be put to better use
B. supply-side strategies are inherently more expensive than other strategies, which means there would need to be a steady tax stream with which to fund them
C. carpooling only works in the short term and does not address traffic other than commuter traffic
D. there are not enough funds to maintain the roads and highways already in existence
E. no matter how many new roads are built, demand will always be greater than supply
A. Political obstacles to congestion pricing could be overcome if public anger at traffic congestion becomes strong enough and effective demand-side policies are implemented in a coherent manner.
B. A government campaign to encourage carpooling may extend the amount of time commuters are willing to carpool, but it would eventually become an unproductive policy if it conflicted with plans for mass-transit systems.
C. Supply-side approaches to the problem of traffic congestion are not as likely to succeed as demand-side approaches that employ technology in order to affect the behavior of drivers more effectively.
D. The success of congestion pricing in Hong Kong and Paris ensures its success in the United States, as long as the systems implemented in the United States accurately duplicate the successful systems found in foreign countries.
E. Traffic congestion in highly populated urban areas is not a completely solvable problem, but supply-side strategies can go far in mitigating its worst effects.
2. The author implies that one of the reasons traditional demand-side approaches to the problem of traffic congestion have not worked is that
A. the cost of building new infrastructure is prohibitively high when compared with other solutions
B. politicians are wary of policies that appear to raise taxes, even if those taxes are spent to maintain local roads and highways
C. government programs that attempt to manipulate social desires are unpopular with the public
D. inducing long-term changes in the transportation behavior of individuals is difficult
E. the escalating costs of damage to the transportation infrastructure have not been matched by adequate increases in tolls and other road taxes
3. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. explain the reasons for the worsening problem of traffic congestion
B. argue that the costs of transportation will almost certainly continue to climb, no matter what policies are instituted
C. blame local politicians for their lack of courage in facing the problems of traffic congestion
D. show how traditional theories of supply and demand can help solve many contemporary mass-transit dilemmas
E. consider some possible solutions to the problem of traffic congestion
4. It can be inferred from the passage that a high-occupancy-vehicle lane
A. will ease traffic congestion for a while, allowing time for a more efficient system to be developed
B. will only contribute to carpool congestion
C. will be ineffective in changing people's driving habits in the long run
D. will unintentionally punish those drivers who do not contribute to traffic congestion
E. will persuade people to alter permanently their carpooling habits
5. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author's assertion that congestion pricing may offer a solution to the problems of traffic congestion?
A. Traffic in Hong Kong and Paris is much worse than in any other part of the world.
B. All of the cities where congestion pricing was implemented have similar traffic conditions.
C. In all the cities that attempted congestion pricing, there has also been a massive increase in the availability of convenient public transportation.
D. Pre-purchased magnetic cards while offering a feasible solution to traffic congestion will ultimately be rejected by the drivers of Europe as unwieldy and wasteful.
E. Drivers in congestion-pricing areas who are frequent road users have altered their driving times whenever possible, due in part to recently implemented staggered work hours.
6. According to the passage, which of the following would NOT be representative of a demand-side transportation policy?
I. Atoll road through a congested city
II. An increased parking fee in urban areas
III. Expanded roadways for high-occupancy vehicles
A. None
B. I only
C. II only
D. III only
E. II and III only
7. The passage suggests that the author believes one disadvantage of a supply-side response to the problem of traffic congestion is that
A. even at current levels, the number of roads and highways has taken overland that could be put to better use
B. supply-side strategies are inherently more expensive than other strategies, which means there would need to be a steady tax stream with which to fund them
C. carpooling only works in the short term and does not address traffic other than commuter traffic
D. there are not enough funds to maintain the roads and highways already in existence
E. no matter how many new roads are built, demand will always be greater than supply
RC Butler 2021 - Practice 2 RCs Daily.
Passage # 27 Date: 20-Jan-2021
This question is a part of RC Butler 2021. Click here for Details
Passage # 27 Date: 20-Jan-2021
This question is a part of RC Butler 2021. Click here for Details
Neha2404
Joined: 07 Mar 2020
Last visit: 22 Mar 2025
Posts: 121
Given Kudos: 78
Location: India
Concentration: Finance, Accounting
Schools: IIMA PGPX'22 ISB'22 IIMB EPGP'22 Kellogg '22
21 Jan 2021, 11:19
Kudos
Bookmarks
1-C
2-D
3-E
IMO-C
1. With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?
A. Political obstacles to congestion pricing could be overcome if public anger at traffic congestion becomes strong enough and effective demand-side policies are implemented in a coherent manner.-
Incorrect Political obstacles didn’t discuss by author
B. A government campaign to encourage carpooling may extend the amount of time commuters are willing to carpool, but it would eventually become an unproductive policy if it conflicted with plans for mass-transit systems.-incorrect :- A government campaign to encourage carpooling didnt mentioned by author
C. Supply-side approaches to the problem of traffic congestion are not as likely to succeed as demand-side approaches that employ technology in order to affect the behavior of drivers more effectively.
Correct according to 2nd para
D. The success of congestion pricing in Hong Kong and Paris ensures its success in the United States, as long as the systems implemented in the United States accurately duplicate the successful systems found in foreign countries.-
Incorrect-The success of congestion pricing in Hong Kong and Paris is discussed by author but doesn’t system implementation in US is not mentioned
E. Traffic congestion in highly populated urban areas is not a completely solvable problem, but supply-side strategies can go far in mitigating its worst effects.-incorrect
IMO-D
Supporting lines:-these strategies are doomed to fail in the long run because of the high cost of supplementing the existing infrastructure and because of the difficulty of effecting lasting changes on people's driving habits.
2. The author implies that one of the reasons traditional demand-side approaches to the problem of traffic congestion have not worked is that
A. the cost of building new infrastructure is prohibitively high when compared with other solutions
Incorrect- use of prohibitively make this answer choice extreme
B. politician are wary of policies that appear to raise taxes, even if those taxes are spent to maintain local roads and highways
- incorrect- not mentioned in the passage
C. government programs that attempt to manipulate social desires are unpopular with the public-
Incorrect- author doesn’t not discussed about government programs that attempt to manipulate social desires are unpopular with the public-
D. inducing long-term changes in the transportation behavior of individuals is difficult
Correct- according to supporting lines
E. the escalating costs of damage to the transportation infrastructure have not been matched by adequate increases in tolls and other road taxes
Incorrect not mentioned by author
3. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. explain the reasons for the worsening problem of traffic congestion
Incorrect-Author discussed about traffic congestion and its reduction
But not mentioned reason behind it
B argue that the costs of transportation will almost certainly continue to climb, no matter what policies are instit.uted
INCORRECT-Author doesn’t argue that the costs of transportation will almost certainly continue to climb, no matter what policies are instit
C. blame local politicians for their lack of courage in facing the problems of traffic congestion
Incorrect- author doesn’t blame local politicians about traffic congestion
D. show how traditional theories of supply and demand can help solve many contemporary mass-transit dilemmas
Incorrect-Author discussed bith theory but not show how traditional theories of supply and demand can help solve many contemporary mass-transit dilemmas
E. consider some possible solutions to the problem of traffic congestion
-Correct in 1st para author discussed supply side methods and demand side methods to reduce traffic congestion
In second para author discussed about new demand side technology applied by hong kong and other contries
Posted from my mobile device
2-D
3-E
IMO-C
1. With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?
A. Political obstacles to congestion pricing could be overcome if public anger at traffic congestion becomes strong enough and effective demand-side policies are implemented in a coherent manner.-
Incorrect Political obstacles didn’t discuss by author
B. A government campaign to encourage carpooling may extend the amount of time commuters are willing to carpool, but it would eventually become an unproductive policy if it conflicted with plans for mass-transit systems.-incorrect :- A government campaign to encourage carpooling didnt mentioned by author
C. Supply-side approaches to the problem of traffic congestion are not as likely to succeed as demand-side approaches that employ technology in order to affect the behavior of drivers more effectively.
Correct according to 2nd para
D. The success of congestion pricing in Hong Kong and Paris ensures its success in the United States, as long as the systems implemented in the United States accurately duplicate the successful systems found in foreign countries.-
Incorrect-The success of congestion pricing in Hong Kong and Paris is discussed by author but doesn’t system implementation in US is not mentioned
E. Traffic congestion in highly populated urban areas is not a completely solvable problem, but supply-side strategies can go far in mitigating its worst effects.-incorrect
IMO-D
Supporting lines:-these strategies are doomed to fail in the long run because of the high cost of supplementing the existing infrastructure and because of the difficulty of effecting lasting changes on people's driving habits.
2. The author implies that one of the reasons traditional demand-side approaches to the problem of traffic congestion have not worked is that
A. the cost of building new infrastructure is prohibitively high when compared with other solutions
Incorrect- use of prohibitively make this answer choice extreme
B. politician are wary of policies that appear to raise taxes, even if those taxes are spent to maintain local roads and highways
- incorrect- not mentioned in the passage
C. government programs that attempt to manipulate social desires are unpopular with the public-
Incorrect- author doesn’t not discussed about government programs that attempt to manipulate social desires are unpopular with the public-
D. inducing long-term changes in the transportation behavior of individuals is difficult
Correct- according to supporting lines
E. the escalating costs of damage to the transportation infrastructure have not been matched by adequate increases in tolls and other road taxes
Incorrect not mentioned by author
3. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. explain the reasons for the worsening problem of traffic congestion
Incorrect-Author discussed about traffic congestion and its reduction
But not mentioned reason behind it
B argue that the costs of transportation will almost certainly continue to climb, no matter what policies are instit.uted
INCORRECT-Author doesn’t argue that the costs of transportation will almost certainly continue to climb, no matter what policies are instit
C. blame local politicians for their lack of courage in facing the problems of traffic congestion
Incorrect- author doesn’t blame local politicians about traffic congestion
D. show how traditional theories of supply and demand can help solve many contemporary mass-transit dilemmas
Incorrect-Author discussed bith theory but not show how traditional theories of supply and demand can help solve many contemporary mass-transit dilemmas
E. consider some possible solutions to the problem of traffic congestion
-Correct in 1st para author discussed supply side methods and demand side methods to reduce traffic congestion
In second para author discussed about new demand side technology applied by hong kong and other contries
Posted from my mobile device
11 Jul 2021, 08:10
Kudos
Bookmarks
don't think that 7th question has the right answer due to this sentence"Furthermore, as highways around our major cities continue to be expanded to relieve the problem, valuable land is used up, threatening to overrun those cities with a tangled web of concrete." A is incorrect as it there is nothing that tells about this problem to be present now.
