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Traditional social science models of class groups in the United States 09 May 2021, 02:52
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ShashankDave
Please explain Q2 in detail. I chose B as my answer. I cannot figure out what makes D correct.
Quote:
2. It can be inferred from the passage that the most recent feminist social science research on women and class seeks to do which of the following?

A. Introduce a divergent new theory about the relationship between legal status and gender
B. Illustrate an implicit middle-class bias in earlier feminist models of class and gender
C. Provide evidence for the position that gender matters more than wealth in determining class status
D. Remedy perceived inadequacies of both traditional social science models and earlier feminist analyses of class and gender
E. Challenge the economic definitions of class used by traditional social scientists
The passage never illustrates an "implicit middle-class bias in earlier feminist models of class and gender", so (B) must be eliminated.

Choice (D) is tricky, but think about how the passage is organized. First, the author talks about the traditional model, which is that class groups are based on economic status. According to that model, working-class women would be put in the same category as working-class men.

Then, the passage discusses the model used by "some feminist social scientists". This model says "that the basic division in American society is based on gender, and that the total female population, regardless of economic status, constitutes a distinct class." According to that model, women of different economic classes would be put in the same category.

"Recently, {...} other feminist analysts have questioned {the model presented by some feminist social scientists}" by "examining ways in which the condition of working-class women differs from that of middle-class women as well as from that of working-class men." In other words, the recent research questions the traditional model by saying that you can't put working-class women in the same category as working-class men. The recent research also questions the model of the feminist social scientists by saying that you can't put WORKING-CLASS women in the same category as MIDDLE-CLASS women.

Thus, the recent research addresses apparent inadequacies of BOTH the traditional model and the model of the feminist social scientists (earlier feminist analyses). This fits with choice (D).
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Hi GMATNinja

Could you please provide guidance on rejecting E for Q2

Recently, though, other feminist analysts have questioned this model,
Is not questioning a kind of challenge?

We can not choose E because recent feminists rejected that women should be classified not based on economic factors ; but doesn't reject the definition of economic principle .
Am I right?

Thanks@
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Traditional social science models of class groups in the United States 10 May 2021, 06:18
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Regarding question # 2. I think where many of us got this question wrong, including myself, is that in the 3rd paragraph it states: "Recently, though, other feminist analysts have questioned [this model]". So I thought that these other feminist analysts are referring to only the feminist scientists model.
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Traditional social science models of class groups in the United States 28 Aug 2023, 08:48
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Please explain Q2 in detail. I chose B as my answer. I cannot figure out what makes D correct.
Quote:
2. It can be inferred from the passage that the most recent feminist social science research on women and class seeks to do which of the following?

A. Introduce a divergent new theory about the relationship between legal status and gender
B. Illustrate an implicit middle-class bias in earlier feminist models of class and gender
C. Provide evidence for the position that gender matters more than wealth in determining class status
D. Remedy perceived inadequacies of both traditional social science models and earlier feminist analyses of class and gender
E. Challenge the economic definitions of class used by traditional social scientists
The passage never illustrates an "implicit middle-class bias in earlier feminist models of class and gender", so (B) must be eliminated.

Choice (D) is tricky, but think about how the passage is organized. First, the author talks about the traditional model, which is that class groups are based on economic status. According to that model, working-class women would be put in the same category as working-class men.

Then, the passage discusses the model used by "some feminist social scientists". This model says "that the basic division in American society is based on gender, and that the total female population, regardless of economic status, constitutes a distinct class." According to that model, women of different economic classes would be put in the same category.

"Recently, {...} other feminist analysts have questioned {the model presented by some feminist social scientists}" by "examining ways in which the condition of working-class women differs from that of middle-class women as well as from that of working-class men." In other words, the recent research questions the traditional model by saying that you can't put working-class women in the same category as working-class men. The recent research also questions the model of the feminist social scientists by saying that you can't put WORKING-CLASS women in the same category as MIDDLE-CLASS women.

Thus, the recent research addresses apparent inadequacies of BOTH the traditional model and the model of the feminist social scientists (earlier feminist analyses). This fits with choice (D).
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GMATNinja, Any other GMAT Experts

Is my understanding of option (D) correct:
The option conveys that the "other feminist analysts" theory corrects/points out the mistake in the other 2 theories but doesn't reconcile them. The option would be wrong if it used the verb "reconcile"
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Traditional social science models of class groups in the United States 16 Dec 2023, 13:06
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Please explain Q2 in detail. I chose B as my answer. I cannot figure out what makes D correct.

Quote:
2. It can be inferred from the passage that the most recent feminist social science research on women and class seeks to do which of the following?

A. Introduce a divergent new theory about the relationship between legal status and gender

B. Illustrate an implicit middle-class bias in earlier feminist models of class and gender

C. Provide evidence for the position that gender matters more than wealth in determining class status

D. Remedy perceived inadequacies of both traditional social science models and earlier feminist analyses of class and gender

E. Challenge the economic definitions of class used by traditional social scientists

The passage never illustrates an "implicit middle-class bias in earlier feminist models of class and gender", so (B) must be eliminated.

Choice (D) is tricky, but think about how the passage is organized. First, the author talks about the traditional model, which is that class groups are based on economic status. According to that model, working-class women would be put in the same category as working-class men.

Then, the passage discusses the model used by "some feminist social scientists". This model says "that the basic division in American society is based on gender, and that the total female population, regardless of economic status, constitutes a distinct class." According to that model, women of different economic classes would be put in the same category.

"Recently, {...} other feminist analysts have questioned {the model presented by some feminist social scientists}" by "examining ways in which the condition of working-class women differs from that of middle-class women as well as from that of working-class men." In other words, the recent research questions the traditional model by saying that you can't put working-class women in the same category as working-class men. The recent research also questions the model of the feminist social scientists by saying that you can't put WORKING-CLASS women in the same category as MIDDLE-CLASS women.

Thus, the recent research addresses apparent inadequacies of BOTH the traditional model and the model of the feminist social scientists (earlier feminist analyses). This fits with choice (D).

GMATNinja, Any other GMAT Experts

Is my understanding of option (D) correct:

The option conveys that the "other feminist analysts" theory corrects/points out the mistake in the other 2 theories but doesn't reconcile them. The option would be wrong if it used the verb "reconcile"
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Yes, that's correct! The the most recent feminist social science research finds fault with the previous models and seeks to offer a better approach. It does not reconcile the two older theories with one another.
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Traditional social science models of class groups in the United States 24 Aug 2024, 12:26
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In option C of Q1, it mentions -Consider differing views by "Social Scientists" concerning...But not all opinions in the passage are by social scientists. Some are by analysts and some by historians. So how is the generalizations of "Social Scientists" in option C correct?
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Traditional social science models of class groups in the United States 24 Sep 2024, 07:21
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gmattimer
In option C of Q1, it mentions -Consider differing views by "Social Scientists" concerning...But not all opinions in the passage are by social scientists. Some are by analysts and some by historians. So how is the generalizations of "Social Scientists" in option C correct?
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The views described in the passage clearly belong to people who have studied and researched the social relationships of women in the United States. The fact that they are making or forming these views is enough for us to infer that they are experts or students in the field. And since there's no exact criteria governing who's a scientist and who's not, that's enough reason to call them scientists.

If choice (C) were more specific -- maybe something like "views held by professors with PhDs in social science" -- you'd have more of a beef. But that's not a strong enough reason to eliminate (C), especially since it's certainly the best option otherwise.

I hope that helps!
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Traditional social science models of class groups in the United States 04 Dec 2024, 00:10
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Please explain Q2 in detail. I chose B as my answer. I cannot figure out what makes D correct.
Quote:
2. It can be inferred from the passage that the most recent feminist social science research on women and class seeks to do which of the following?

A. Introduce a divergent new theory about the relationship between legal status and gender
B. Illustrate an implicit middle-class bias in earlier feminist models of class and gender
C. Provide evidence for the position that gender matters more than wealth in determining class status
D. Remedy perceived inadequacies of both traditional social science models and earlier feminist analyses of class and gender
E. Challenge the economic definitions of class used by traditional social scientists
The passage never illustrates an "implicit middle-class bias in earlier feminist models of class and gender", so (B) must be eliminated.

Choice (D) is tricky, but think about how the passage is organized. First, the author talks about the traditional model, which is that class groups are based on economic status. According to that model, working-class women would be put in the same category as working-class men.

Then, the passage discusses the model used by "some feminist social scientists". This model says "that the basic division in American society is based on gender, and that the total female population, regardless of economic status, constitutes a distinct class." According to that model, women of different economic classes would be put in the same category.

"Recently, {...} other feminist analysts have questioned {the model presented by some feminist social scientists}" by "examining ways in which the condition of working-class women differs from that of middle-class women as well as from that of working-class men." In other words, the recent research questions the traditional model by saying that you can't put working-class women in the same category as working-class men. The recent research also questions the model of the feminist social scientists by saying that you can't put WORKING-CLASS women in the same category as MIDDLE-CLASS women.

Thus, the recent research addresses apparent inadequacies of BOTH the traditional model and the model of the feminist social scientists (earlier feminist analyses). This fits with choice (D).
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The option D mentions 'Remedy the inadequacies' which comes down to correcting the inadequacies is not mentioned anywhere
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Traditional social science models of class groups in the United States 04 Dec 2024, 02:08
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For question 1, I rejected Option C because it used the word social scientist, which is not mentioned anywhere in passage. Could you explain why that should not be a reason to reject ?
GMATNinja

Question 1


mallya12
Q1 I got confused between C and D can u explain Why D is wrong and C is correct.

Q3) How do eliminate 2nd answer choice i.e " The traditional social science model of class differs from Ryan's in its assumption that women are financially dependent on men."
Question #1 asks us to determine the primary purpose of the passage. To do that, let's take a look at the passage's structure:
  • First, the author introduces "traditional social science models of class groups."
  • Then, the author examines the views of certain "feminist social scientists," which are contrasted with the traditional models.
  • Finally, the author examines the views of "other feminist analysts," which differ from both the traditional models and previously discussed feminist views.

Let's first look at (D):
Quote:
D. propose a feminist interpretation of class structure in the United States
There are a couple of problems with this answer choice -- first, the author does not "propose" a feminist interpretation -- he/she describes two different feminist interpretations of class structure. More importantly, the primary purpose of the passage is not just to propose a certain feminist interpretation, but rather to contrast several different perspectives on class structure. (D) is too narrow in scope, so it is not the correct answer.

Take a look at answer choice (C):
Quote:
C. consider differing views held by social scientists concerning women's class status in the United States
This accurately captures the primary purpose of the passage. The author first introduces the traditional model of class groups, then provides two differing views from a feminist perspective on the issue. From this, we can gather that the primary purpose of the passage is to "consider differing views held by social scientists concerning women's class status in the United States." (C) is the correct answer to question #1.


Question 3


Now let's look at question #3:
Quote:
Which of the following statements best characterizes the relationship between traditional social science models of class and Ryan's model, as described in the passage?
Here is what the passage says about "traditional social science models of class":
Quote:
Traditional social science models of class groups in the United States are based on economic status and assume that women's economic status derives from association with men, typically fathers or husbands, and that women therefore have more compelling common interest with men of their own economic class than with women outside it.
The conclusion reached by social scientists applying "traditional models of class" is that "women... have more compelling common interest with men of their own economic class than with women outside it."

The reason behind this conclusion is that "women's economic status derives from association with men, typically fathers or husbands."

Here is what the passage says about Mary Ryan's findings:
Quote:
Social historian Mary Ryan, for example, has argued that in early-nineteenth-century America the identical legal status of working-class and middle-class free women outweighed the differences between women of these two classes: married women, regardless of their family's wealth, did essentially the same unpaid domestic work, and none could own property or vote.
Ryan's conclusion is that "the identical legal status of working-class and middle-class free women outweighed the differences between women of these two classes."

The main contrast between these two viewpoints is as follows:
  • Traditional models: show that economic status is more important than gender when examining divisions in society
  • Mary Ryan: believes that gender is more important than economic status when examining divisions in society

Now look at (B):
Quote:
(B) The traditional social science model of class differs from Ryan's in its assumption that women are financially dependent on men.
The traditional models described in the passage do make the assumption that "women's economic status derives from association with men." But, is this a difference between the traditional models and Ryan's argument?

Ryan does not specifically disagree with the notion that women are financially dependent on men. She just believes that gender is a more important factor than economic status when examining class in society.

Because the two models do not differ on this point, (B) is not the correct answer.

I hope that helps!
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Traditional social science models of class groups in the United States 09 Dec 2024, 14:59
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Ilanchezhiyan
For question 1, I rejected Option C because it used the word social scientist, which is not mentioned anywhere in passage. Could you explain why that should not be a reason to reject ?
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The phrase "social science" appears in the very first sentence ("Traditional social science models..."). Later, the passage specifically refers to "social scientists" ("Some feminist social scientists...").

This passage is all about the STUDY (a.k.a. "science") of women in U.S. society -- it's a social science passage, and the scientists, historians, and other scholars who study and research that field are engaging in social science. That makes them social scientists, as explained in this post.

You can't eliminate (C) based on a technicality (i.e. "well, they didn't SPECIFICALLY tell us that 'social historians' are 'social scientists'..."). This is a verbal reasoning test, and you have to step back and think about the context of the passage as a whole. The passage tells us what some social scientists think about a given subject, and then tells what other experts studying that SAME subject think. If those experts are studying or researching the same subject, then it's reasonable to infer that they, too, are social scientists.

Also, none of the other options work, so (C) is definitely the best of the options we're given.

I hope that helps!
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Traditional social science models of class groups in the United States 09 Dec 2024, 22:30
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Got it. Thanks for the detailed explanation.
GMATNinja
Ilanchezhiyan
For question 1, I rejected Option C because it used the word social scientist, which is not mentioned anywhere in passage. Could you explain why that should not be a reason to reject ?
The phrase "social science" appears in the very first sentence ("Traditional social science models..."). Later, the passage specifically refers to "social scientists" ("Some feminist social scientists...").

This passage is all about the STUDY (a.k.a. "science") of women in U.S. society -- it's a social science passage, and the scientists, historians, and other scholars who study and research that field are engaging in social science. That makes them social scientists, as explained in this post.

You can't eliminate (C) based on a technicality (i.e. "well, they didn't SPECIFICALLY tell us that 'social historians' are 'social scientists'..."). This is a verbal reasoning test, and you have to step back and think about the context of the passage as a whole. The passage tells us what some social scientists think about a given subject, and then tells what other experts studying that SAME subject think. If those experts are studying or researching the same subject, then it's reasonable to infer that they, too, are social scientists.

Also, none of the other options work, so (C) is definitely the best of the options we're given.

I hope that helps!
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