Bunuel
Translating the recently discovered Levantine tablet fragments will increase our understanding of Imperial Aramaic, shed light on dialect differences in the fourth-century BCE, and aid research into proto-Pahlavi writing systems.
(A) Translating the recently discovered Levantine tablet fragments will increase our understanding of Imperial Aramaic, shed
(B) To translate the recently discovered Levantine tablet fragments will increase our understanding of Imperial Aramaic, and shed
(C) Having translated the recently discovered Levantine tablet fragments will, in increasing our understanding of Imperial Aramaic, shed
(D) To translate the recently discovered Levantine tablet fragments would increase our understanding of Imperial Aramaic, shedding
(E) Translating the recently discovered Levantine tablet fragments, increasing our understanding of Imperial Aramaic, would be shedding
OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
A
The first distinction between the choices may be the opening phrases, but it may be easier to start with the list in the sentence: "will increase. . . , shed. . . , and aid. . ." As is, the list is parallel, but that isn't the case in all of the choices.
(B) has an extraneous "and" before the word "shed". That's inappropriate before the second item in a three-part list. (C) has other problems ("Having translated" is the wrong verb form, and "by increasing" is more idiomatic than "in increasing") but by moving "increasing" into a modifier, makes "shed. . . , and aid" a two-part list. That in itself isn't incorrect, but a two-part list wouldn't have a comma, as there is before "and aid".
(D) uses "shedding" instead of "shed". If you only read the underlined portion, this may appear correct, but the form of the verb "to shed" must be parallel with "aid" later in the sentence. Finally, (E) has a similar problem, with "would be shedding". Again, this must be parallel with "aid", requiring that the verb in this position be "shed". (A) is the only remaining choice.