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02 Mar 2021, 08:06
Kudos
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This question popped up on our Ask Me Anything About SC thread. Reposting our answer here, just in case it helps anybody.
That's probably enough reason to go with (D) over (E), but another small vote against (E) is the placement of the prepositional phrase "in the nests of other birds": in (D), "in the nests of other birds" is clearly meant to tell us WHERE the female cowbirds lay the eggs. But in (E), "in the nests of other birds" seems to modify "female cowbirds" -- so do these female cowbirds LIVE in the nests of other birds? Are the female cowbirds actually laying up to 40 eggs a year in those nests or somewhere else? The meaning is less clear here.
That leaves (D) as the winner.
I hope that helps!
VKat
Check out this post and this follow-up post for explanations of why (B) and (C) can be eliminated.
Quote:
In choice (A), the singular subject ("a female cowbird") doesn't match with the plural pronoun ("their") in the opening modifier, so we can eliminate this one right away.
Quote:
The problem with (E) is that the opening modifier seems to modify "up to 40 eggs a year" -- this suggests that "up to 40 eggs a year" are somehow "unable to build nests or care for their young," and of course that doesn't make any sense, unless these eggs are already breeding.
That's probably enough reason to go with (D) over (E), but another small vote against (E) is the placement of the prepositional phrase "in the nests of other birds": in (D), "in the nests of other birds" is clearly meant to tell us WHERE the female cowbirds lay the eggs. But in (E), "in the nests of other birds" seems to modify "female cowbirds" -- so do these female cowbirds LIVE in the nests of other birds? Are the female cowbirds actually laying up to 40 eggs a year in those nests or somewhere else? The meaning is less clear here.
That leaves (D) as the winner.
I hope that helps!
15 Nov 2021, 18:28
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GMATNinja, Bunuel, can you please help to clarify why including cannot be referred to the nests?
VeritasKarishma, thank you for providing some clarification on this. I am still not clear whether verb-ing should be used essential words. eggs is an essential word-->> verb-ing should be used to modify it, not nests.
VeritasKarishma, thank you for providing some clarification on this. I am still not clear whether verb-ing should be used essential words. eggs is an essential word-->> verb-ing should be used to modify it, not nests.
15 Nov 2021, 22:17
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tkorzhan1995
The use of "including" here is similar to "for example" or "to name a few".
So it will logically give examples of whatever is closest to it.
Consider this sentence:
The managers need all your documents, including ...
What will you give after "including"? Will you give "your passport and your driving license" or will you give "the sales manager and the finance manager"? I am sure that only this makes sense to you:
The managers need all your documents, including your passport and your driving license.
If you want to specify some particular managers, you will need place "including" after managers.
The managers, including the sales manager and the finance manager, need all your documents.
tkorzhan1995
04 Jul 2022, 06:20 
