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12 Aug 2024, 07:36
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To improve air quality, the city council of a metropolitan area is considering imposing a heavy fine on the use of diesel vehicles within city limits. The city's environmental officer claims that this fine will significantly reduce the level of air pollution generated by diesel vehicles in the city within one year.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the environmental officer's claim depends?
A. The funding allocated to air quality monitoring in the city will not decrease from its current level.
B. The number of diesel vehicles currently used within the city will not increase from its current level.
C. The amount of industrial pollution in the city will not increase from its current level.
D. The number of vehicles entering the city from nearby areas will not significantly increase over the next year.
E. The overall traffic volume in the city will not increase from its current level.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the environmental officer's claim depends?
A. The funding allocated to air quality monitoring in the city will not decrease from its current level.
B. The number of diesel vehicles currently used within the city will not increase from its current level.
C. The amount of industrial pollution in the city will not increase from its current level.
D. The number of vehicles entering the city from nearby areas will not significantly increase over the next year.
E. The overall traffic volume in the city will not increase from its current level.
12 Aug 2024, 07:36
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Official Solution:
To improve air quality, the city council of a metropolitan area is considering imposing a heavy fine on the use of diesel vehicles within city limits. The city's environmental officer claims that this fine will significantly reduce the level of air pollution generated by diesel vehicles in the city within one year.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the environmental officer's claim depends?
A. The funding allocated to air quality monitoring in the city will not decrease from its current level.
B. The number of diesel vehicles currently used within the city will not increase from its current level.
C. The amount of industrial pollution in the city will not increase from its current level.
D. The number of vehicles entering the city from nearby areas will not significantly increase over the next year.
E. The overall traffic volume in the city will not increase from its current level.
Correct Answer: B. The number of diesel vehicles currently used within the city will not increase from its current level.
For the plan to work, the number of diesel vehicles within the city has to decline, significantly decline and the city council expects the fine will do exactly just that. The correct answer will basically say that the fine proposal will hold/work. This choice is that one assumption that for environmental officer needs for their claim to hold - that the number of diesel vehicles will not increase. Otherwise, if the number of diesel vehicles were to increase, it would offset the intended effects of the fine, and not reduce the pollution. Note that this may not be the most comfy answer that makes you fuzzy such as "The environmental officer assumes that the fine plan works" but this is the best answer and for a hard question, especially if you consider the alternatives.
A. The funding allocated to air quality monitoring in the city will not decrease from its current level.
We do not care about funding allocated to air quality. This is irrelevant. This choice does not make a difference when it comes to the reduction in air pollution and diesel vehicles, which is our focus. We are not sure how air quality is monitored or how it is funded so we cannot even evaluate this answer choice. Eliminate.
C. The amount of industrial pollution in the city will not increase from its current level.
The officer's claim specifically talks about reducing pollution through the control of diesel vehicles, not industrial emissions. Irrelevant. Nobody is assuming this. We are only concerned with diesel vehicles and pollution reduction from these specific vehicles within the specific geography. Eliminate.
D. The number of vehicles entering the city from nearby areas will not significantly increase over the next year.
This is a trap answer. It is a weaker version of the correct answer choice with a fatal flaw. First problem with this choice is that it does not talk about diesel vehicles specifically. It talks about All vehicles. We are not concerned with all but only the diesel vehicle pollution. With this choice, we do not know how many diesel vehicles would be entering from nearby areas so we can’t evaluate the impact of this answer choice. Second problem is that this answer is that it is a much weaker/limited version of B. B says - diesel vehicles form all sources will not increase. This choice says vehicles from one source (nearby areas) will not increase. What if there is a diesel truck stop for far-away vehicles built in the city? It would not cover that situation. Eliminate for 2 reasons.
E. The overall traffic volume in the city will not increase from its current level.
The argument is about the impact of fining diesel vehicles, not managing overall traffic volume. This answer choice is too broad - we again are not concerned with traffic or any other vehicles except diesel, and this answer choice does not address diesel vehicles. Eliminate.
Answer: B
To improve air quality, the city council of a metropolitan area is considering imposing a heavy fine on the use of diesel vehicles within city limits. The city's environmental officer claims that this fine will significantly reduce the level of air pollution generated by diesel vehicles in the city within one year.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the environmental officer's claim depends?
A. The funding allocated to air quality monitoring in the city will not decrease from its current level.
B. The number of diesel vehicles currently used within the city will not increase from its current level.
C. The amount of industrial pollution in the city will not increase from its current level.
D. The number of vehicles entering the city from nearby areas will not significantly increase over the next year.
E. The overall traffic volume in the city will not increase from its current level.
Correct Answer: B. The number of diesel vehicles currently used within the city will not increase from its current level.
For the plan to work, the number of diesel vehicles within the city has to decline, significantly decline and the city council expects the fine will do exactly just that. The correct answer will basically say that the fine proposal will hold/work. This choice is that one assumption that for environmental officer needs for their claim to hold - that the number of diesel vehicles will not increase. Otherwise, if the number of diesel vehicles were to increase, it would offset the intended effects of the fine, and not reduce the pollution. Note that this may not be the most comfy answer that makes you fuzzy such as "The environmental officer assumes that the fine plan works" but this is the best answer and for a hard question, especially if you consider the alternatives.
A. The funding allocated to air quality monitoring in the city will not decrease from its current level.
We do not care about funding allocated to air quality. This is irrelevant. This choice does not make a difference when it comes to the reduction in air pollution and diesel vehicles, which is our focus. We are not sure how air quality is monitored or how it is funded so we cannot even evaluate this answer choice. Eliminate.
C. The amount of industrial pollution in the city will not increase from its current level.
The officer's claim specifically talks about reducing pollution through the control of diesel vehicles, not industrial emissions. Irrelevant. Nobody is assuming this. We are only concerned with diesel vehicles and pollution reduction from these specific vehicles within the specific geography. Eliminate.
D. The number of vehicles entering the city from nearby areas will not significantly increase over the next year.
This is a trap answer. It is a weaker version of the correct answer choice with a fatal flaw. First problem with this choice is that it does not talk about diesel vehicles specifically. It talks about All vehicles. We are not concerned with all but only the diesel vehicle pollution. With this choice, we do not know how many diesel vehicles would be entering from nearby areas so we can’t evaluate the impact of this answer choice. Second problem is that this answer is that it is a much weaker/limited version of B. B says - diesel vehicles form all sources will not increase. This choice says vehicles from one source (nearby areas) will not increase. What if there is a diesel truck stop for far-away vehicles built in the city? It would not cover that situation. Eliminate for 2 reasons.
E. The overall traffic volume in the city will not increase from its current level.
The argument is about the impact of fining diesel vehicles, not managing overall traffic volume. This answer choice is too broad - we again are not concerned with traffic or any other vehicles except diesel, and this answer choice does not address diesel vehicles. Eliminate.
Answer: B
11 Oct 2025, 07:25
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I don’t quite agree with the solution. Choice B seems more like an inference rather than an assumptions.
