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noyaljoseph
In the 1980s junk bonds were regarded by many investors to be an ingenious way for new companies to raise capital, but in the 1990s it had come to be a symbol of the excessive risks and irresponsible trading that helped cause the recession.

A. regarded by many investors to be an ingenious way for new companies to raise capital, but in the 1990s it had come to be a symbol of the excessive risks and irresponsible
B. by many investors regarded to be an ingenious way for new companies to raise capital, but in the 1990s it came to symbolize the excessive risk and irresponsible
C. then regarded, by many investors, as being an ingenious way for new companies to raise capital, but in the 1990s they came as a symbol of risking excessively and irresponsibly
D. regarded by many investors as an ingenious way for a new company to raise capital, but in the 1990s they had come to symbolize the excessive risk and irresponsible
E. by many investors regarded as being an ingenious way for new companies to raise capital, but in the 1990s they came to be a symbol of the excessive risk and irresponsible


In the 1980s junk bonds were regarded by many investors as an ingenious way for a new company to raise capital, but in the 1990s they had come to symbolize the excessive risk and irresponsible trading that helped cause the recession.

With chetan2u ( D) for this one.....
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sandeep211986
chetan2u
noyaljoseph
In the 1980s junk bonds were regarded by many investors to be an ingenious way for new companies to raise capital, but in the 1990s it had come to be a symbol of the excessive risks and irresponsible trading that helped cause the recession.

A.regarded by many investors to bean ingenious way for new companies to raise capital, but in the 1990s it had cometo be a symbol of the excessive risks and irresponsible
B. by many investors regarded to be an ingenious way for new companies to raise capital, but in the 1990s it came to symbolize the excessive risk and irresponsible
C. then regarded, by many investors, as being an ingenious way for new companies to raise capital, but in the 1990s they came as a symbol of risking excessively and irresponsibly
D. regarded by many investors as an ingenious way for a new company to raise capital, but in the 1990s they had come to symbolize the excessive risk and irresponsible
E. by many investors regarded as being an ingenious way for new companies to raise capital, but in the 1990s they came to be a symbol of the excessive risk and irresponsible


Hello,

1) Just one IDIOM is more than enough to come to correct answer..
Regarded as is the correct idiom and ONLY D and E use it correctly...
E has very awkward connection.... D is correct..
2) pronoun error - it/they .... the pronoun refers to bonds, so THEY should be used...
3) PAST perfect tense... as two events in different times are being spoken about had come is better than came..

ans D
I guess D is wrong .
Though two different time frames are involved yet the first time frame should be in past perfect tense and the later one in simple past.
Experts please correct me if I am mistaken.

100% agree with you. experts, can anyone explain this? mikemcgarry
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chetan2u if we are using past perfect, shouldn't the action that occurred first be represented by the 'had <past participle>, followed by the 2nd action with the 'simple past' verb? I used this rule to eliminate D as I was stuck between D and E. Could you please clarify.

Thanks,
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both A and D have same order of tenses, so this cannot be considered for selection. In A, 'Junk bonds... to be a symbol' s incorrect, as this happened in past but claiming to happen in future.

Therefore, D, not best but better choice.
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