The largest trade deficit on Earth of any country is that of the United States, with other nations, such as China and Japan, consequently holding stores of US dollars increasing each year.
A. The largest trade deficit on Earth of any country is that of the United States, with other nations, such as China and Japan, consequently holding stores of US dollars increasing ----
The adverbial modifier phrase 'with' indicates that the largest trade deficit of the U.S is joining hands with other nations to hold stores of dollars. B. Of any country on Earth, the country with the largest trade deficit is that of the United States, and as a consequence, other nations, like China and Japan, hold stores of US dollars that increase --
like is plain wrong C. The United States has the largest trade deficit of any country on Earth, and consequently, other nations, such as China and Japan, hold stores of US dollars that increase --
clear and correct. D. The United States' trade deficit is the largest of any country's on Earth, but as a consequence, other nations, such as China and Japan, are holding stores of US dollars that are increasing --' of any country's' is double possessive; Also it is a wrong to use present progressive for a perpetual event that happens every year. Simple present is ideal.
E. Of all trade deficits of all countries on Earth, none is larger than the United States', and other nations, such as China and Japan, consequently hold stores of US dollars that increase ---
This wrongly implies that there may be other countries whose deficit could be at least as large as the U.S's