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The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his "Essay on Heat and Light", a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his "Essay on Heat and Light", a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
Correct parallelism. Other answers have parallelism problem.
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
Correct parallelism. Other answers have parallelism problem.
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
Posts: 1,685
Hello Everyone!
Let's tackle this question, one issue at a time, and narrow it down to the correct choice! First, let's take a quick look at the original question and highlight the major differences between the options in orange:
The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his "Essay on Heat and Light", a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
After a quick glance over the options, we can clearly see there are a few places we can focus on:
1. "a critique of" vs. "critiquing"
2. since / following / after / from Robert Boyle...
3. as well as... / and also... / and...
Let's start with #1 on our list: "a critique of" versus "critiquing." This will eliminate either 2 or 3 options, so it's a great place to start!
If we look carefully, we can see that the underlined portion of this sentence is part of a modifier that's giving us more information on "Essay on Heat and Light." What is it? A critique of chemistry that existed after Robert Boyle. Using -ing modifiers only works when we're modifying people, so the "critiquing" options aren't correct. Since we're modifying an object, we should use the phrase "a critique of" to convey that the modifier is referring to the essay, and not the person who wrote it. Let's see how each option breaks down:
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
We can eliminate options D & E because they use "critiquing," which is mean to modify people, not objects!
Since so many people in the comments got hung up on the since/following/after concept, let's skip it and move to #3 on our list for now, which deals with parallelism!
The underlined modifier indicates that "Essay on Heat and Light" accomplishes two things:
1. Critiques the field of chemistry after Robert Boyle wrote about it
2. Creates a vision of a new chemistry Davy hopes to find
These two items must be written using parallel structure, so let's take a closer look at each option to figure out which ones use parallel structure and rule out those that don't. To make it easier to spot, I've added the ending to each option. Here's how they break down:
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found. --> PARALLEL
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found. --> NOT PARALLEL
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well new chemistry that Davy hoped to found. --> NOT PARALLEL
There you have it - option A is the correct choice because it uses parallel structure and phrases the modifier clearly!
(*One final note: If you are concerned that the sentence should say "...that Davy hoped to find" instead of "...that Davy hoped to found," I agree with you! I think this was a typo created by the person who originally posted this, so disregard that error and focus on the rest of the post!)
Don't study for the GMAT. Train for it.
_________________
Let's tackle this question, one issue at a time, and narrow it down to the correct choice! First, let's take a quick look at the original question and highlight the major differences between the options in orange:
The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his "Essay on Heat and Light", a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
After a quick glance over the options, we can clearly see there are a few places we can focus on:
1. "a critique of" vs. "critiquing"
2. since / following / after / from Robert Boyle...
3. as well as... / and also... / and...
Let's start with #1 on our list: "a critique of" versus "critiquing." This will eliminate either 2 or 3 options, so it's a great place to start!
If we look carefully, we can see that the underlined portion of this sentence is part of a modifier that's giving us more information on "Essay on Heat and Light." What is it? A critique of chemistry that existed after Robert Boyle. Using -ing modifiers only works when we're modifying people, so the "critiquing" options aren't correct. Since we're modifying an object, we should use the phrase "a critique of" to convey that the modifier is referring to the essay, and not the person who wrote it. Let's see how each option breaks down:
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
We can eliminate options D & E because they use "critiquing," which is mean to modify people, not objects!
Since so many people in the comments got hung up on the since/following/after concept, let's skip it and move to #3 on our list for now, which deals with parallelism!
The underlined modifier indicates that "Essay on Heat and Light" accomplishes two things:
1. Critiques the field of chemistry after Robert Boyle wrote about it
2. Creates a vision of a new chemistry Davy hopes to find
These two items must be written using parallel structure, so let's take a closer look at each option to figure out which ones use parallel structure and rule out those that don't. To make it easier to spot, I've added the ending to each option. Here's how they break down:
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found. --> PARALLEL
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found. --> NOT PARALLEL
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well new chemistry that Davy hoped to found. --> NOT PARALLEL
There you have it - option A is the correct choice because it uses parallel structure and phrases the modifier clearly!
(*One final note: If you are concerned that the sentence should say "...that Davy hoped to find" instead of "...that Davy hoped to found," I agree with you! I think this was a typo created by the person who originally posted this, so disregard that error and focus on the rest of the post!)
Don't study for the GMAT. Train for it.
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’a critique of all chemistry since Robert as well as a vision of a new chemistry.’ -- This part is not an independent clause. It is just an appositive modifier, describing Davy’s book. Please note the absence of a verb there, which is essential to mark it as a clause.
The amended sentence ‘critiquing all chemistry done since Robert as well as his envisioning of’... cited by has the following flaws.
’critiquing’ is a present participle while ‘his envisioning of’ is a gerund. Both are not parallel
_________________
The amended sentence ‘critiquing all chemistry done since Robert as well as his envisioning of’... cited by has the following flaws.
’critiquing’ is a present participle while ‘his envisioning of’ is a gerund. Both are not parallel
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Thank you Daagh for your time on GMAT Club and all your contributions! Thank you for everything you did!
Your work will remain a great tribute to you here on GMAT Club!
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Your work will remain a great tribute to you here on GMAT Club!
-bb
Posts: 4,849
mrsmarthi
This question is based on Modifiers and Diction.
The underlined portion of the sentence is a modifier that describes Humphry Davy’s work, “Essay on Heat and Light”.
Options D and E contain a participle modifier that describes Davy’s presentation rather than his essay. Option D contains the redundant expression “and also”. Option E is wordy. So, Options D and E can be ruled out.
Option B is also wordy. The participle ‘following’ in Option B makes the sentence ambiguous by conveying the meaning that chemistry was following Robert Boyle. So, Option B can be ruled out.
Option C lacks parallelism. The participle ‘envisioning’ is not parallel to the noun ‘critique’. So, Option C also can be eliminated.
The parallelism has been maintained in Option A. Furthermore, the conjunction ‘since’ correctly conveys the idea that the essay was a critique of all the chemistry that had been recorded since the time of Robert Boyle.
Therefore, A is the most appropriate option.
Jayanthi Kumar.
Posts: 6,486
Dear Friends,
Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
Choice A: This answer choice maintains parallelism and proper pronoun usage throughout the sentence. Thus, this answer choice is correct.
Choice B: This answer choice suffers from a case of pronoun ambiguity; the pronoun "his" could refer to either "Humphry Davy" or "Robert Boyle". Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.
Choice C: This answer choice breaks parallelism by comparing the noun "a critique" to the verb "envisioning". Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.
Choice D: This answer choice breaks parallelism by comparing the verb "critiquing" to the noun "a vision". Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.
Choice E: This answer choice breaks parallelism by comparing the gerund noun "envisioning" to the verb "critiquing". Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.
Hence, A is the best answer choice.
To understand the concept of "Avoiding Pronoun Ambiguity on GMAT", you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
_________________
Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
mrsmarthi
Choice A: This answer choice maintains parallelism and proper pronoun usage throughout the sentence. Thus, this answer choice is correct.
Choice B: This answer choice suffers from a case of pronoun ambiguity; the pronoun "his" could refer to either "Humphry Davy" or "Robert Boyle". Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.
Choice C: This answer choice breaks parallelism by comparing the noun "a critique" to the verb "envisioning". Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.
Choice D: This answer choice breaks parallelism by comparing the verb "critiquing" to the noun "a vision". Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.
Choice E: This answer choice breaks parallelism by comparing the gerund noun "envisioning" to the verb "critiquing". Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.
Hence, A is the best answer choice.
To understand the concept of "Avoiding Pronoun Ambiguity on GMAT", you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
_________________
General Discussion
I would like to go with A
The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry davy ......................................................, a critique
Humphry davy is the Subject so critiquing can not come, eliminated D&E
A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a this actually changes the meaning
C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyke and envisioning as well not parallel
please correct me if im wrong
The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry davy ......................................................, a critique
Humphry davy is the Subject so critiquing can not come, eliminated D&E
A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a this actually changes the meaning
C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyke and envisioning as well not parallel
please correct me if im wrong
A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
ROBERT BOYLE ISNOT A TIMEPERIOD THAT CAN BE USED TO COMPARE USING "SINCE"
B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
"FOLLOWING" BETTER CLARIFIES THE MEANING THAT SUCH A CRITIQUE WAS PROBABLY ALSO WRITTEN BY ROBERT BOYLE AND DAVY FOLLOWED THE SAME.
"VISION" AND "ENVISION" HAVE A DIFFERENCE(GOOGLE IT OUT).IM SURE,WE WILL
SEE THAT ENVISION IS A BETTER OPTION.
C,D,E ARE ALL JUNK
C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyke and envisioning as well
D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
E) critiquing akk the chemistring done since Robert Boyke as wekk as his own envisioning of
ROBERT BOYLE ISNOT A TIMEPERIOD THAT CAN BE USED TO COMPARE USING "SINCE"
B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
"FOLLOWING" BETTER CLARIFIES THE MEANING THAT SUCH A CRITIQUE WAS PROBABLY ALSO WRITTEN BY ROBERT BOYLE AND DAVY FOLLOWED THE SAME.
"VISION" AND "ENVISION" HAVE A DIFFERENCE(GOOGLE IT OUT).IM SURE,WE WILL
SEE THAT ENVISION IS A BETTER OPTION.
C,D,E ARE ALL JUNK
C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyke and envisioning as well
D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
E) critiquing akk the chemistring done since Robert Boyke as wekk as his own envisioning of
mrsmarthi
Here second part is modifying "Essay"
Parallel construction a critic of as well as a vision of
I pick A
guys just want to check if iam right my ans is A
the underlined part is a modifier for the book,thus it must be an adjective(a critique of...)whereas the opt d and e use critiqing which is a verb form and must modify humpry davy and not his book(as davy is critiqing through the book)
please tell me if iam right
the underlined part is a modifier for the book,thus it must be an adjective(a critique of...)whereas the opt d and e use critiqing which is a verb form and must modify humpry davy and not his book(as davy is critiqing through the book)
please tell me if iam right
sasen
In B, what can 1 convey by saying "chemistry following a person"I find the idea a bit absurd .and envision is a verb i think.
Envisioning is a gerund .Can some 1 find his envisioning of something .Looking for opinions.
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Choice B gives an erroneous feeling that the critique is following Robert Boyle and Robert Boyle’s envisioning. Still more skeptics may say, ‘ his’ has no proper antecedent can mean either Boyles’ or Davy’s envisioning. It is safe to avoid it
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Thank you Daagh for your time on GMAT Club and all your contributions! Thank you for everything you did!
Your work will remain a great tribute to you here on GMAT Club!
-bb
Your work will remain a great tribute to you here on GMAT Club!
-bb
Posts: 1
The nineteenth-century chemist Davy presented th results of his early experiments in his "essay on Heat and Light", [highlight]a critique of all chemistry since Robert as well as a vision of a[/highlight] new checmistry.
This is marked as the correct answer, but since both these sentences are independent, shouldn't we try to make the second sentence dependent. So I thought it would be correct if it became
critiquing all checmistry done since Robert as well as his envisioning of ...
This is marked as the correct answer, but since both these sentences are independent, shouldn't we try to make the second sentence dependent. So I thought it would be correct if it became
critiquing all checmistry done since Robert as well as his envisioning of ...
Quote:
Breaking this down, we have:
blah blah blah happened in his essay, a _____ as well as a ______.
That's the structure.
Make sure the structure makes sense.
blah blah blah happened in his essay, a critique as well as a a vision.
OK, looks ok so far.
Now does it make sense in its entirety.
blah blah blah happened in his essay, a critique of [old chemistry] as well as a vision of a [new chemistry].
So those are the keypoints to recognize. The structure works here. The keyword is "as well as" - so you have make sure things are consistent on both sides.
Hope that helps!
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mundasingh123
Concrete noun cannot be paralleled with simple gerund. "envisioning" is gerund and not prefer as "vision". A is correct.
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mrsmarthi
I went for E considering this flaw in option A as considering and envisioning(gerund) seems parallel and probably the best one
Correct me if i am wrong
Posts: 101
The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his "Essay on Heat and Light", a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a. Correct. Since Robert Boyle means 'since time of Robert Boyle'. Its correct modifier of "Essay on Heat and Light"
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a his envisioning of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found' is awkward usage. 'Vision' is more correct usage.
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well 'and envisioning as well new chemistry that Davy hoped to found' becomes wrong English usage.
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of It modifies the whole sentence rather than just a book.
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of It modifies the whole sentence rather than just a book.
Main sentence in the question is 'Humphry Davy presented the results' and rest of the things are modifiers and clauses.
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a. Correct. Since Robert Boyle means 'since time of Robert Boyle'. Its correct modifier of "Essay on Heat and Light"
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a his envisioning of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found' is awkward usage. 'Vision' is more correct usage.
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well 'and envisioning as well new chemistry that Davy hoped to found' becomes wrong English usage.
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of It modifies the whole sentence rather than just a book.
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of It modifies the whole sentence rather than just a book.
Main sentence in the question is 'Humphry Davy presented the results' and rest of the things are modifiers and clauses.
The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his "Essay on Heat and Light", a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
SPOILER ALERT!
Without giving away the answer - i had narrowed it down to A & E (eliminated the rest b/c of parallelism).
My question is - what is the different between "Davy presented his essay, a critique..." vs. "Davy presented his essay, critiquing..." Can I choose an answer only based on these two things? There is a ton of ambiguity with E but my question still stands.
I used a semi-guess to choose A because I figured that "a critique" would modify the subject right before the comma and in this case, it was his essay. Is that poor reasoning?
Thanks!
Thanks a ton!
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
SPOILER ALERT!
Without giving away the answer - i had narrowed it down to A & E (eliminated the rest b/c of parallelism).
My question is - what is the different between "Davy presented his essay, a critique..." vs. "Davy presented his essay, critiquing..." Can I choose an answer only based on these two things? There is a ton of ambiguity with E but my question still stands.
I used a semi-guess to choose A because I figured that "a critique" would modify the subject right before the comma and in this case, it was his essay. Is that poor reasoning?
Thanks!
Thanks a ton!
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russ9
critiquing modifies the verb presented - he presented essay critiquing .......
a critique modifies the essay itself - essay was a critique for something. This is the intended meaning of this sentence, so you can easily make your decision based on this. Also parralelism required in the second part of the sentence - "the essay was a critique as well as a vision"
Posts: 1
This is a "noun + noun modifier" construction and we have two modifiers which should modify the same noun. They are:
(1) a critique of all chemistry
(2) a vision of a new chemistry
Also, remember that we should retain the meaning of original sentence unless the original sentence is senseless.
Let's analyze the options one by one.
The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his "Essay on Heat and Light", a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.
(A ) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
Both the modifiers modify noun "Essay" and are parallel to each other, hence CORRECT.
(B ) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(1) The first modifier "a critique of all chemistry" is a "noun+noun modifier" construction but the second part "his envisioning of a" is a
Complex gerund. A complex gerund could be made parallel to only complex gerunds and action nouns. But here "a Critique" is not
an action noun. So they cannot be made parallel to each other.
Note: "His" in "his envisioning" is a possessive determiner here. So his envisioning gives an impression that it is for "Essay".
(2) "and" and "also" are redundant.
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
Same as above. Also, "and" and "as well" are redundant
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
"critiquing " is a present participle and modifies the subject(Humphry Davy) of the previous clause which is not the intent of the sentence.
(E )critiquing all the chemistrydone since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
Now you can try this yourself.
(1) a critique of all chemistry
(2) a vision of a new chemistry
Also, remember that we should retain the meaning of original sentence unless the original sentence is senseless.
Let's analyze the options one by one.
The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his "Essay on Heat and Light", a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.
(A ) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
Both the modifiers modify noun "Essay" and are parallel to each other, hence CORRECT.
(B ) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(1) The first modifier "a critique of all chemistry" is a "noun+noun modifier" construction but the second part "his envisioning of a" is a
Complex gerund. A complex gerund could be made parallel to only complex gerunds and action nouns. But here "a Critique" is not
an action noun. So they cannot be made parallel to each other.
Note: "His" in "his envisioning" is a possessive determiner here. So his envisioning gives an impression that it is for "Essay".
(2) "and" and "also" are redundant.
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
Same as above. Also, "and" and "as well" are redundant
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
"critiquing " is a present participle and modifies the subject(Humphry Davy) of the previous clause which is not the intent of the sentence.
(E )critiquing all the chemistrydone since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
Now you can try this yourself.
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